Brain Arousal Systems Flashcards
There is a heirarchy of conciousness that goes from coma to alterness. Between these levels of conciousness are factors that generally take us from one step to the next. Which of the following is required to take us from coma to arousal/wakefullness?
A. Dopamine
B. Norepinephrine and Serotonin
C. EAA/Ach
D. Nothing can save you
EAA/Ach
Which of the following is required to take us from arousal/wakefullness to awareness?
A. Dopamine
B. Norepinephrine and Serotonin
C. EAA
D. Nothing can save you
Norepinephrine and Serotonin
Which of the following is required to take us from awareness to alertness?
A. Dopamine
B. Norepinephrine and Serotonin
C. EAA
D. Nothing can save you
Dopamine
Which of the following attributes correlates with being in a persistent vegetative state?
A. Inconsistent eye/head motions only
B. Eye/head motions, sleep/wake cycle
C. Eye/head motions, sleep/wake cycle, inconsistent awareness, inconsistent verbal responses
D. Eye/head motions, sleep/wake cycle, awareness, verbal responses
Eye/head motions, sleep/wake cycle
Which of the following attributes correlates with being in a minimally concious state?
A. Inconsistent eye/head motions only
B. Eye/head motions, sleep/wake cycle
C. Eye/head motions, sleep/wake cycle, inconsistent awareness, inconsistent verbal responses
D. Eye/head motions, sleep/wake cycle, awareness, verbal responses
Eye/head motions, sleep/wake cycle, inconsistent awareness, inconsistent verbal responses
What pathway for activation of teh cerebral cortex bypasses the thalamus?
The ventral pathway
What pathway od awareness uses only the ventral pathway to activate the cortex?
A. EAA pathway that travels through the Reticular Activating System
B. Eaa pathway that travels through the Parabrachial Nuclei
C. Ach that travels through the cholinergic pathway (PPT/LDT)
D. None of the above
The EAA pathway that travels through the parabrachial nuclei
What system of awareness is particularly affected in Alzheimers Disease?
The cholinergic system
Where does the cholinergic pathway begins on what two nuclei?
Pedunculopontine Tegmental
Laterodorsal Nuclei
What is the location and start of the noradrenergic pathway?
A. Raphe Nuclei
B. Locus Ceruleus
C. Pedunculopontine Tegmental
D. Laterodorsal Nuclei
E. Ventral Tegmental Area
Locus Ceruleus
What specific part of the thalamus were we asked to remember as part of the dorsal pathway?
The intralaminar nucleus of the thalamus
From where does the raphe nuclei recieve stimulus as part of its awareness pathway?
A. Spinal Cord
B. Trigeminal N.
C. Periaqueductal grey
D. Serotenergic Pathway
E. All of the above
All of the above
What 3 locations provide input to the locus ceruleus and the noradrenergic pathway of awareness?
Periaqueductal grey
Paragigantocellularis nuclei
Cortex
T/F: Regardless of a dorsal or ventral path, the EAA system provides a baseline excitation that is crucial to cortical activity
True
For the cholinergic arousal system, the outputs are via the dorsal and ventral pathways used by the RAS, but what is the major neurotransmitter used?
Acetylcholine
