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Neuro-Endo Test 2 > Histology of the Eye and Visual Pathways > Flashcards

Histology of the Eye and Visual Pathways Flashcards

1
Q

Infection of within which of the following structures is called a stye?

A. Tarsal (Meibomian) Gland

B. Sebaceous (Zeis) gland

C. Lacrimal Gland

D. Palpebral and Bulbar Conjunctiva

A

Sebaceous (Zeis) gland

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2
Q

Secretions from which of the folloing glands or structures slows the evaporation of tears?

A. Tarsal (Meibomian) Gland

B. Sebaceous (Zeis) gland

C. Lacrimal Gland

D. Palpebral and Bulbar Conjunctiva

A

Tarsal (Meibomian) Gland

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3
Q

What type of epithelium is associated with the bulbar conjunctiva?

A

Stratified Columnar Epithelium w/ goblet cells

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4
Q

Specify what structures you will find each of the chambers between.

Anterior Chamber

Posterior Chamber

Vitreous Chamber/Body

A

Anterior Chamber: Cornea and Iris

Posterior Chamber: Iris and Lens

Vitreous Body.Chamber: Lens and Retina

CAIP LVR (“cape lover”)

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5
Q

The Vitreous body is filled with vitreous humor, which provides what function for the eye?

A

Maintains shape of the eye

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6
Q

Which of the following is comprised of dense irregular connective tissue and functions to protect the eye, maintain the eye’s shape, and act as an attachment for extraoccular muscles?

A. Sclera

B. Choroid

C. Cornea

D. Iris

E. Ciliary Body

A

Sclera

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7
Q

Which of the following functions to refract light, and protect the anterior surface of the eye?

A. Sclera

B. Choroid

C. Cornea

D. Iris

E. Ciliary Body

A

Cornea

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8
Q

Which of the following is highly vascularized areolar connective tissue? What is it’s function for the eye?

A. Iris

B. Choroid

C. Cornea

D. Ciliary Body

A

Choroid

  • supply nourishment to retina
  • absorb extra light
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9
Q

Which of the following is covered with a secretory epithelium? What is the structures main function?

A. Iris

B. Choroid

C. Cornea

D. Ciliary Body

A

Ciliary Body

change the shape of the lens

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10
Q

What layer of the retina provides vitamin A for photoreceptor cells?

A

Pigmented Layer

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11
Q

What type of epithelium is the Corneal Epithelium comprised of?

What type of epithelium is the Corneal ENDOthelium comprised of?

Which of the two houses stem cells for the cornea in its limbus region?

A

Epithelium: nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

  • houses corneal stem cells

Endothelium: Simple squamous epithelium

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12
Q

T/F: The Stroma of the cornea is avascular

A

True

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13
Q

What layer of the cornea faces the anterior chamber, or in other words is the most posterior layer?

A

Cornea Endothelium

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14
Q

The vascular coat consists of what 3 structures?

A

Choroid

Ciliary Body

Iris

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15
Q

Which of the following structures of the vascular coat is responsible for secreting aqueous humor, as well as forming and anchoring zonular fibers?

A. Choroid

B. Ciliary Muscle

C. Ciliary Processes

D. Iris

A

Ciliary Processes

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16
Q

Which of the following structures of the vascular coat is has an inner vascular layer and Bruch’s Membrane?

A. Choroid

B. Ciliary Muscle

C. Ciliary Processes

D. Iris

A

Choroid

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17
Q

Look at this

A

Nice

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18
Q

The lens is a transparent, avascular, biconcaved structure that is suspended by zonular fibers. It is comprised of the following three components.

Capsule

Subscapsular

Lens Fibers

A

LC= Lems Capsule (basal lamina)

LE: Subscapsular Epithelium

MLF: Mature LEns fibers

  • lens fibers are filled with crystallins and lose all organelles
19
Q

Rays from a distant object are focused on the retina when we ______ the lens, and we do this by _______ the ciliary muscle causing the zzonular ligaments to _______.

A

Rays from a distant object are focused on the retina when we flattened the lens, and we do this by relax the ciliary muscle causing the zonular ligaments to tighten.

Relaxed Ciliary muscles, cause tight zonular fibers, and flatten the lens

RTF

20
Q

What layer of the retina contains photosensory cells?

A

Neural Retina Layer

21
Q

What layer of the retina is responsible for isomerizing all-trans retinal to 11-cis retinal, and transporting bacl to photoreceptors?

A

Retinal Pigmented layer

22
Q

What is considered the “blind spot” of the eye? Why is it considered the blind spot?

A

Optic disk is the blind spot

The optic disc is where the axons from the ganglion layer converge on the optic nerve and exit the eye, in this space there are no photoreceptors causing the “blind spot”

23
Q

What layer of the retina contains processes of interconnecting ganglion, amacrine, bipolar, and horizontal cells?

A

Inner Plexiform Layer

24
Q

What layer of the retina contains cell bodies of photoreceptor cells?

What layer of the retina contains cell bodies of non-photoreceptor cells?

A

Outer nuclear layer

Inner nuclear Layer

“no photos inside”

25
Q

T/F: The Outer plexiform layer contains process of photoreceptors and non photorecprtors cells connecting them

A

True

GO TO PURPOSE GAMES

26
Q

Appreciate this

A

I appreciate that

27
Q

What are the visual pigments found in the rods?

What are the visual pigments found in the cones?

A

Rods: Rhodopsin

Cones: Iodopsin

“you put Ice cream in cones”

28
Q

What is the name of the portion of the eye that has the highest concentration of cones?

What is absent at this structure?

A

Fovea Centralis

Absent: Vessels, cell bodies and axons of ganglionic cells, inner nuclear layer

29
Q

Axons of ganglion cells and higher order cells that the ganglion cells synapse on, form the visual pathway and relay the information to the primary visual cortex (V1) via what structure?

A

Thalamus

30
Q

The optic disc is _____ to the macula

A. Deep

B. Inferior

C. LAteral

D. Medial

A

Medial

31
Q

Visual fields are subdivided into binocular and monocular zone.

What is the binocular and monocular zone?

A

Binocular zone: broad central region seen by both eyes

Monocular: Zone seen by the corresponding eye

32
Q

The Retinal fields are the location on the retina that an object in the visual field is projected to. Explain how the retinal fields are divided

A

Temporal and nasal hemifields

Superior and Inferior Quadrants

33
Q

Nasal half of each retina goes ______ in the optic tract, and the Temporal Half of each retina foes to the _________ optic tract.

A

Nasal half of each retina goes Contralateral in the optic tract, and the Temporal Half of each retina foes to the Ipsilateral optic tract.

CN IT

34
Q

Axons in the nasal and temporal retina terminate onto what structure?

A

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus of the Thalamus

35
Q

Damage to the Temporal lobe can damage what portion of the visual field? What loop is damaged?

A

Superior Portion

Meyer’s loop

36
Q

Lesion 1 produces what type of deficit. Draw it out and name it

A

Monocular blindness

total loss of vision in the right eye

37
Q

Lesion 2 produces what type of deficit. Draw it out and name it

A

Bitemporal Hemianopia

38
Q

Lesion 3 produces what type of deficit. Draw it out and name it

A

Right Nasal Hemianopia

39
Q

Lesion 4 produces what type of deficit. Draw it out and name it

A

Left homonymous hemianopia

40
Q

Lesion 5 produces what type of deficit. Draw it out and name it

A

Left Inferior Quadrantanopia

41
Q

Lesion 6 produces what type of deficit. Draw it out and name it

A

Left Superior Quadrantanopia

42
Q

Lesion 7 produces what type of deficit. Draw it out and name it

A

Left Homonymous Hemianopia

43
Q

Lesion 8 produces what type of deficit. Draw it out and name it

A

Left Homonymous Hemianopia with macular sparing

Neuro-Endo Test 2 (27 decks)

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