questions from textbook Flashcards
name and describe the centres located in the medulla oblongata
respiratory- controls the rate and depth of breathing
cardiac centre- regulates the rate and force of the heartbeat
vasometer centre- regulates the diameter of blood vessels
what structures make up the peripheral nervous system
nerve fibres that carry information to and from the CNS
groups of nerve cell bodies, called ganglia, which lie outside the brain and spinal cord
what are mixed nerves
Mixed nerves are nerves that contain both sensory and motor fibers within a single nerve bundle.
what is the dorsal root?
one of the two roots that link a spinal nerve to the spinal cord: located towards the back of the body and contains axons of sensory neurons
what is the dorsal root ganglia
a group of nerve cell bodies located in the dorsal root of a spinal nerve
what is the ventral root
one of the two roots that link a spinal nerve to the spinal cord: located towards the front of the body and contains axons of motor neurons
set point
in a feedback system, the level at which a variable is to be maintained
tolerance limit
the limit of factors such as temperature and fluid balance beyond which the body malfunctions
what is glycogenesis
the process whereby glucose molecules are chemically combined in long chains to form glycogen molecules
glycogenolysis
the process of converting glycogen back to glucose
gluconeogenesis
the process of producing glucose molecules from lipids and amino acids
what are the hormones secreted from the adrenal glands
adrenal cortex- glucocorticoids (cortisol)
adrenal medulla- adrenaline and noradrenaline
what do glucocorticoids (cortisol) do
stimulate the conversion of glycogen into glucose in the liver
stimulate protein breakdown in muscles and conversion of amino acids into glucose in the liver
what do adrenaline and noradrenaline do
stimulate the breakdown of glycogen in the liver and release of glucose into the blood
what is metabolic rate
the rate at which energy is released to the body by the breakdown of food