immunity Flashcards
what are the different types of immunity
passive natural
passive artificial
active natural
active artificial
what is passive natural
antibodies enter the bloodstream across the placenta or in breast milk
passive artificial
antibodies are injected into the bloodstream
active natural
ability to manufacture antibodies results from an attack of a disease
active artificial
ability to manufacture antibodies results from being given an antigen by vaccination
what is immunity
is the resistance to infection by invading micro organisms (pathogens)
natural
no human intervention
artificial
human intervention
passive
given antibodies produced by someone else
active
body is exposed to a foreign antigen and manufactures antibodies
what is immunisation
programming the immune system for a rapid response to infecting microorganisms
what are vaccinations
artificial introduction of pathogenic antigens without the person having to suffer with the disease
vaccine=
antigen preparation
what are living attenuated microorganisms
grown in the host to reduce virulence. the person does not contract the disease
what are examples of living attenuated microorganisms
rubella, measles, mumps, rabies, polio, yellow fever and tuberculosis
what does virulence mean
the ability of a microorganism to produce diseases symtoms
what are dead micro organism
not as prolonged
examples of dead micro organisms
cholera, bubonic plague, typhoid, whooping cough, influenza, and hep A
what are toxoids
inactivated toxins made from filtrate of bacterial cultures containing toxins
examples of toxoids
diphtheria and tetanus
what are sub-unit
fragments of the organism are used
examples of sub-unit
HPV and hepatitis B
vaccination delivery
- injection using a syringe is the most common
- some drinkable and administered orally
- fine nasal spray-flu in the US
- skin patches- some success
- food/plant- hard to control dosage
vaccinations of populations
WHO rates vaccines as greatest impact on human health
immunisation of populations has eradicated diseases such as small pox
herd immunity
booster shots are necessary to activate more B-cells- secondary response
