immunity

Question 1

what are the different types of immunity

Answer 1

passive natural
passive artificial
active natural
active artificial

Question 2

what is passive natural

Answer 2

antibodies enter the bloodstream across the placenta or in breast milk

Question 3

passive artificial

Answer 3

antibodies are injected into the bloodstream

Question 4

active natural

Answer 4

ability to manufacture antibodies results from an attack of a disease

Question 5

active artificial

Answer 5

ability to manufacture antibodies results from being given an antigen by vaccination

Question 6

what is immunity

Answer 6

is the resistance to infection by invading micro organisms (pathogens)

Question 7

natural

Answer 7

no human intervention

Question 8

artificial

Answer 8

human intervention

Question 9

passive

Answer 9

given antibodies produced by someone else

Question 10

active

Answer 10

body is exposed to a foreign antigen and manufactures antibodies

Question 11

what is immunisation

Answer 11

programming the immune system for a rapid response to infecting microorganisms

Question 12

what are vaccinations

Answer 12

artificial introduction of pathogenic antigens without the person having to suffer with the disease

Question 13

vaccine=

Answer 13

antigen preparation

Question 14

what are living attenuated microorganisms

Answer 14

grown in the host to reduce virulence. the person does not contract the disease

Question 15

what are examples of living attenuated microorganisms

Answer 15

rubella, measles, mumps, rabies, polio, yellow fever and tuberculosis

Question 16

what does virulence mean

Answer 16

the ability of a microorganism to produce diseases symtoms

Question 17

what are dead micro organism

Answer 17

not as prolonged

Question 18

examples of dead micro organisms

Answer 18

cholera, bubonic plague, typhoid, whooping cough, influenza, and hep A

Question 19

what are toxoids

Answer 19

inactivated toxins made from filtrate of bacterial cultures containing toxins

Question 20

examples of toxoids

Answer 20

diphtheria and tetanus

Question 21

what are sub-unit

Answer 21

fragments of the organism are used

Question 22

examples of sub-unit

Answer 22

HPV and hepatitis B

Question 23

vaccination delivery

Answer 23

1. injection using a syringe is the most common
2. some drinkable and administered orally
3. fine nasal spray-flu in the US
4. skin patches- some success
5. food/plant- hard to control dosage

Question 24

vaccinations of populations

Answer 24

WHO rates vaccines as greatest impact on human health

immunisation of populations has eradicated diseases such as small pox

herd immunity

booster shots are necessary to activate more B-cells- secondary response