general on investigation Flashcards
what is the relationship between insulin and glucose?
The food you eat is broken down into blood sugar. Blood sugar enters your bloodstream, which signals the pancreas to release insulin. Insulin helps blood sugar enter the body’s cells so it can be used for energy.
Insulin also signals the liver to store blood sugar for later use.
what causes the auto-immune system disorder in type 1 diabetes
a genetic predisposition and environmental trigger which is unknown
what causes type 2 diabetes
a genetic predisposition and other conditions such as obesity and hypertension
what will both type 1 and type 2 diabetes result in
both will result in an inability to use insulin the right way and therefore both will cause a increase in the build-up of glucose in the body
how does glucagon increase your blood glucose concentration
glucagon is released by the pancrease when your blood glucose levels begin to fall. glucagon triggers your liver to convert stored glucose into a usable form and then release it into your bloodstream
what does the T3 and T4 represent
T3- triodethyronine- 3 iodine
T4-thyroxine- 4 iodine
how much thyroid is destroyed in radioactive iodine
Radioactive iodine therapy can destroy either all or part of your thyroid gland, depending on what is needed to alleviate your hyperthyroidism symptoms
what does the thyroid hormones do
they increase the body’s metabolic rate
they stimulate appetite, digestion, breakdown of nutrients and absorption
increase oxygen consumption, raise the breathing rate, heart rate and contraction strength
this results in the body heat production increasing
what causes hyperthyroidism
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes the immune system to attack the thyroid gland. That prompts the thyroid to make too much thyroid hormone. Graves’ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism.
what causes hypothyroidism
The most common cause of hypothyroidism is an autoimmune disease called Hashimoto’s disease.
Autoimmune diseases happen when the immune system makes antibodies that attack healthy tissues. Sometimes that process involves the thyroid gland and affects its ability to make hormones.
what is goitre
swelling of the neck caused by an enlargement of the thyroid gland
list why iodine is so important for your thyroid
iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones. since the thyroid gland can’t produce thyroid hormones on its own, it needs iodine help.
Thyroid cells are the only cells in the body that can absorb iodine. These cells combine iodine and the amino acid tyrosine to make thyroxine and
tri-iodothyronine
how do you gain iodine
through the foods you eat
what causes graves disease
Graves’ disease is caused by a malfunction in the body’s disease-fighting immune system. It’s unknown why this happens.
The immune system normally produces antibodies designed to target a specific virus, bacterium or other foreign substance. In Graves’ disease — for reasons that aren’t well understood — the immune system produces an antibody to one part of the cells in the hormone-producing gland in the neck (thyroid gland).
The antibody associated with Graves’ disease — thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) — acts like the regulatory pituitary hormone. That means that TRAb overrides the normal regulation of the thyroid, causing an overproduction of thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism).
what causes Hashimoto’s disease
Hashimoto’s disease is an autoimmune disorder. The immune system creates antibodies that attack thyroid cells as if they were bacteria, viruses or some other foreign body. The immune system wrongly enlists disease-fighting agents that damage cells and lead to cell death.
What causes the immune system to attack thyroid cells is not clear. The onset of the disease may be related to:
Genetic factors
Environmental triggers, such as infection, stress or radiation exposure
Interactions between environmental and genetic factors
