Questions and Answers Flashcards
With reference to LTP and LTD, explain what is occuring when Adrian becomes more fluent in Spanish and less fluent in French
- LTP is the long-lasting strengthening of synaptic connections between neurons due to repeated stimulation and this occurs in the neural pathways related to Spanish as Adrian uses it often, causing him to become more fluent
- LTD is the long-lasting weakening of synaptic connections between neurons due to repeated low-intensity stimulation and this occurs in the neural pathways related to French as Adrian uses it less often, causing him to become less fluent
Identify characteristics of a mentally healthy person
- high level of functioning
- high social and emotional wellbeing
- little to mid distress
- no impairment
Why is sleep considered a psychological construct, and how might it be measured?
- categorised as an altered state of consciousness which exists but cannot be directly observed/physically measured so descriptions are used to explain it
- subjectively experienced and therefore difficult to measure objectively
- can be measured using polysomnographic monitoring to measure physiological responses
How do avoidance behaviours perpetuate a phobia?
- form of negative reinforcement, increasing likelihood of avoidance behaviours in the future
- prevents desensitisation and challenging of unrealistic thoughts of phobic stimulus
- increases the likelihood of the phobic response in the future, which perpetuates the phobia
Discuss three factors that contribute to context-specific effectiveness
- stressor - does the response effectively deal with the stresor
- environment/stituation - does the environment allow for him to perform the response
- individual - does the individual have sufficient time, money, ability, access to the response
What is the interaction between the hippocampus and amygdala when consolidating memories?
- the hippocampus is responsible for the consolidation of the episodic memory and the amygdala is responsible for the consolidation of the emotional information associated with that memory
- when consolidating a memory that is more emotionally arousing, the release of adrenaline stimulates the release of noradrenaline in the amygdala which strengthen the consolidation of the emotional information and the amygdala signals to the hippocampus to strengthen the consolidation of the episodic memory
- this is why memories that are emotionally arousing are remembered more vividly
Why are successively later schedules preferred in preventing shift-work sleep disorder?
- the natural circadian rhythm is longer than 24 hours
- easier for workers to adapt by moving forward
- time between shifts/time awake is lengthened and easier to stay awake rather than to force sleep onset
What are advantages of representing mental wellbeing as a continuum?
- mental health is not something we all have or don’t have and differs between people
- reduces stigma as everyone has mental wellbeing, just varying levels of it
- allows for early signs of mental health problems to be identified
- shows that mental wellbeing can vary and fluctuate over time due to internal and external factors
Describe how SEWB is considered multi-dimensional and holistic
- SEWB is considered multi-dimensional as it embodies the complex interaction between 7 domains which contribute to the wellbeing of ATSI peoples
- SEWB is considered holistic as its approach to wellbeing is not just limited to physical health but also the cultural, mental, spiritual and social wellbeing of the individual as a whole
What are some ethical implications with mental wellbeing research?
- informed consent procedures - an individual’s state of wellbeing may impair their ability to fully understand the nature, purpose and potential risks which may compromise their ability to provide informed consent
- overcome by receiving consent at a time where symptoms do not interfere or get a parent or legal guardian to provide consent
- use of placebos - may withhold an effective treatment from participants in the control group who need it, may involve participants stopping using their usual medication/treatment for the duration of the study, leading to worsening of symptoms
Write a conclusions about the results of this experiment
The results indiciate that participants who operationalised IV showed less operationalised DV than participants who did not operationalised IV, indicating GENERAL STATEMENT
- must relate to scenario
- must be specific to design
Explain the role of glutamate in memory and learning
- excitatory neurotransmitter which increases the likelihood of the postsynaptic neuron firing
- released in neural pathways which leads to the activation of adject neurons causing the neural pathway to undergo long-term potentiation
- long-term potentation enables memory formation and learning to occur
