Questions Flashcards
What bone is formed by intramembranous ossification?
Scapula
What histological technique is used to identify the presence of absence of a tumor from a routine biopsy?
Haematoxylin and eosin
Which cell in the liver is responsible for the storage of vitamin A?
Ito cell
How long does bone remodelling after a fracture take in a child?
up to 1 year
How long does bone remodelling in adults take aftera fracture?
up to 5 years
What structure is responsible for successive layers of cells in the epidermis remaining in close contact?
Desmosomes
What process in collagen synthesis does vitamin C specifically increase?
intracellular production of procollagen
In the developing fetal occipital bone, where can osteoprogenitor cells be found?
As part of thhe periosteum
What type of gradules are presentin the stratum granulosum?
Keratohyaline granules?
What molecule is routinely used to assay for ischaemic cardiac damage?
Troponin
What is ischaemia cardiac damage?
The term given to heart problems caused by the narrowing of heart arteries
What type of imaging is used if you drink barium sulfate?
X- rays and Computerised Tomography (CT) scans
Why is there an increased production of ATP during contraction?
Due to the Ca2+ influx
What could cause an aneurysm at the suprarenal and infrarenal aortic junction?
too little turnica media
Which major cellular function do microtubules contribute to in motor neuronsthat requires intermediate filaments and neurofilaments?
Movement of organelles
Which metabolic activity is controlled by brown adipose tissue?
oxidation of fatty acids for thermoregulation
What is the relationship between the size of the diameter of of a capillary and an erythrocyte?
They are roughly the same
Where does inflammation occur in Crohn’s disease?
In and around the Payer’s Patch within the ileum
Where is most yellow bone marrow in the femur of a young adult found?
In the medullary region
The sacrum is an example of what type of bone?
Irregular
Which type of fibre in adrenergic neurons normally carries vesicles to the nerve terminal?
Microtubules
What type of epithelial cells are present in the respiratory tract?
Simple squamous epithelial, bearing tpye 1 pneumocytes
Which cells contract to aid the secretary portion of his eccrine sweat glands?
Myoepithelial cells
Where does all lymph from the left side of your body and below the umbilicus on the right side drain to?
The junction between the left subclavian vein and the left internal jugular vein
What does it mean if the body is in a state of rigor mortis?
It is the stiffening of the bodies limbs caused by chemicla changes in the muscles postmortem
What places the muscles in a state of postmortem?
The absence of ATP preventing the detachment of myosin heads from actin
Sulphated glucoaminoglycans (GAGs) are important components of which extracellular structure?
proteoglycans
What is calor?
heat
What is rubor?
redness
What is tumor?
swelling
What is dolor?
pain
What are the 4 classic signs of inflammation?
dolor, calor, tumor, rubor
During exercise what type of fat bearing tissue provides the necessary energy?
White adipose tissue
Below what temperature is hypothermia diagnosed?
below 35
What happens to skeletal muscle cells in rhabdomyolysis?
They release their ctoplasmic contents into the blood causing an increase in the concentrations of creatin kinase, potassium and lactic acid (LA causes pH decrease)
Which nerve cell forms the basis of the reflex arc?
interneurons
How does mature articular cartilage differ from other forms of hyaline cartilage?
It lacks a perichondrium
What is the primary function of lysosomes?
Recycling and storage of lipids and carbohydrates
WHat is an endpoint clinical complication of hypothermia?
cardiac arrest
What is and end point clinical complication of hyperthermia?
Coma
Seizures
Confusion
What histological technique is used to identify glycogen?
Periodic-schiff reagent
What macromolecule is lost in the paraffin embedding procedure?
Lipids
What are the 5 steps for preparing a routine H&E study?
1) Fixation
2) Embedding
3) Clearing
4) Staining
5) Dehydration
Which structure in the lateral surface of epithelial cells within the GI tract transiently open to allow
paracellular transport of amino acids and electrolytes across the barrier created by the epithelial cells?
tight junctions
What ion is required for adjacent epithelial cells to bind to each other?
Ca2+
Which two cells are essential for a perfectly normal and functional mucociliary escalator?
Goblet cells and cilliated cells
