12) Connective & Adipose Tissue Flashcards
What is loose connective tissue?
Areolar tissue - tissue found in little spaces
What are the 2 types of dense connective tissue?
regular - fibres running parallel
irregular - fibres running in different directions
What 2 main fibres are foud in loose connective tissue?
collagen
elastic
What cell types are found in ariola connective tissue?
Mast cells
Adipocytes
White blood cells (Macrophages)
Fibroblasts
What is the function of loose connective tissue?
Hold the vessels in place
Stability
Permits cell migration
What is the function of fibroblasts?
Synthesise and secrete the fibres that lie in the ground substance
Form scar tissue
What is the function of macropahges?
To break down foreign organisms and cell debris
What is the function of mast cells?
Histamine - increases blood vessel wall permeability
Alergic response
What is the function of unilocular adipocytes?
Padding and shock absorber
Insulation
Energy reserve
What colour are unilocular adipocytes?
White
What colour are multilocular adipocytes?
Brown
What are multilocular adipocytes/brown adipose?
Adipocytes containing multiple lipid droplets
Cell organelles squeezed into cell centre
Increased number of mitochondria
Found in children
Oxidative phosphorylation is uncoupled to generate heat. FAST
What is the function of multilocular adipocytes?
Insulation
Energy reserves
What are unilocular adipocytes/white adipose tissue?
Contain a single lipid droplet Normal number of mitochondria Peripheral organelles Found in adults Generates heat after shivering reflex. SLOW
What are proteoglycans?
large molecules which have a GAG in the middle
What are GAGs?
long chained polysaccharides that attract water from a hydrated gel
What are myotendinous junctions?
Muscle tendon junctions
State 2 characteristics of tendons
Strong
Mainly made of water (68%)
Describe the structure of irregular connective tissue
Contains fibroblasts
Collagen 1 fibres in all directions
Describe the function of irregular connective tissue
Resists stress in all directions
Describe the structure of regular connective tissue
Contains fibroblasts
Collagen 1 fibres in 1 direction
Describe the function of regular connective tissue
Resists stress in 1 direction
What are ligaments?
Connect bone to bone
Describe the structure of a ligament
Made of parallel collagen fibres that is undulated and wrapped in loose connective tissue (fasicles)
Describe the importance of vitamin C in collagen production
Vitamin C is required to make inracellular procollagen by hydroxylating proline and lysine
What is scurvy?
A disease, caused by vitamin C deficiency, associated with poor wound healing and impaired bone formation
Name 4 symptoms/signs of scurvy
Gum disease
bruising of skin
bleeding
poor wound healing
What id Marfan’s Syndrome?
An autosomal dominant disorder where the Fibrillin 1 gene is affected, resulting in abnormal elstic tissue
Name 3 symptoms/signs of Marfan’s Syndrome
Abnormally tall
extremely long and slender fingers and toes
frequent joint dislocation
What causes the most damage to elastin?
UV light
Smoking
What is osteogenesis imperfecta?
A disease occuring due to mutated collagen fibres that do not knit together or not enough is produced
What are 4 symptoms/signs of osteogenesis imperfecta?
Short stature
Arched foot
Weakened bones
Blue schlera
