13) Bone, bone marrow, vessels and blood Flashcards
What are the 5 classifications of bone?
Long Short Flat Irregular Sesamoid
Describe the structure of long bones
Longer than they are wide
Give an example of a long bone
femur
What is the function of long bones?
Movement
Support body weight
Describe the structure of short bones
As long as they are wide
Give an example of 2 short bones
Wrist - carpals
Ankle - tarsals
What is the function of short bones?
Stability
Movement
Describe the structure of flat bones
Flattened bones with parallel opposite edges
Guve an example of flat bones
Skull - occipital
Thoracic cage - sternum, ribs
Pelvis - ilium
What is the function of flat bones?
Protect internal organs
Provide a large surface area for muscle attachment
Describe the structure of irregular bones
vary in shape and structure
Give examples of irregular bones
Sacrum
Vertabrae
What is the function of irregular bones?
Protect internal organs
Provide important anchor points for muscle groups
Describe the structure of sesamoid bones?
Small, round bones embedded in the tendons
Give an example of a sesamoid bone
Patella in the knee
What is the function of sesamoid bones?
To protect the tendons from stress and damage from repeated wear and tear
What 2 types of bone are found in the head of the femur?
Cancellous (spongy) bone
Compact (cortical) bone
What is the central region of the femur called?
Medullary region
What are the 2 types of bone marrow?
Red
Yellow
Where is red bone marrow found?
Spongy bone only
Give 2 characteristics of red bone marrow
full of developing red blood cells
rich blood supply
What is the function of red bone marrow?
to replenish cells in the blood
Give 2 features of yellow bone marrow
Made of adipocytes
Poor blood supply
What is the function of yellow bone marrow?
Shock absorber and energy source
Can convert into red bone marrow
Describe the structure of cancellous bone
Contains trabeculum made of ostecytes. Trabeculum surrounded by red bone marrow
What controls the flow in capillaries?
Precapillary Sphincters
Define a vein
and elastic blood vessel that transports blood from the body to the heart
Describe the structure of veins
3 layers:
Tunica intima - endothelial
Tunica media - elastic fibres and smooth muscle
Tunica externa - elastic fibrous capsules
Define pulmonary vein
carries oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium
Define the systemic vein
carries oxygen depleted blood from the body to the right atrium
Describe the superficial vein
located close to the surface of the skin and not near a corresponding artery
Define deep veins
located deep between tissues near a corresponding artery
Define arteris
elastic blood vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart
What are collateral blood vessels?
Arterioles that grow around a blockage to protect tissues from compromise
How do new blood vessels form?
Angiogenesis - formation of new blood vessels from existing blood vessels
Vasculogenesis - formation of new blood vessels
How does vasculogenesis occur?
Mesenchymal cells are stimulated by growth factors to cluster together, forming angiogenetic cells. These form RBCs and new blood vessels.
How does angiogenesis occur?
Branching of an existing blood vessel due to growth factors
