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Body Logistics > 6) Endocrine Tissue > Flashcards

6) Endocrine Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the anterior pituitary gland?

A

adenohypophysis

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2
Q

What is the name of the posterior pituitary gland?

A

neurohypophysis

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3
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located?

A

at the base of the brain

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4
Q

What hormones does the pituitary gland secrete?

A 
FSH
MSH
TSH
LH
GH
ACTH
posterior - ADH
posterior - oxytocin
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5
Q

Where is the thyroid gland located?

A

anterior to the trachea

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6
Q

What hormones does the thyroid gland secrete?

A

T4 - thyroxine

T3 - triodothyroinine

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7
Q

Where is the parathyroid gland located?

A

on the dorsal surface of the thyroid gland

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8
Q

What hormone is secreted by the parathyroid gland?

A

parathormone (PTH)

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9
Q

Where is the adrenal gland located?

A

On top of each kidney

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10
Q

What hormones are secreted by the adrenal gland?

A

corticosteroids
estrogen
progestin

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11
Q

Where is the pancreas located?

A

to the left and behind the stomach

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12
Q

What hormones are secreted by the pancreas?

A

exocrine - digestive enzymes

endocrine - insulin

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13
Q

What is a clinical sign of a pituitary tumor?

A

blurred vission

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14
Q

What are 4 things the hypothalamus regulates?

A

thermoregulation
heart rate
mood
lactation

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15
Q

Which pituitary gland has neurons connecting it to the hypothalamus?

A

Posterior pituitary gland (neurophysis)

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16
Q

Name the pituitary portal system

A

hypophyseal-hypothalamo portal system

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17
Q

Describe the structure of portal systems

A

capillaries of the arterioles, portal vessels (portal veins), capillaries, veins

18
Q

How are the horomones of the pituitary secreted?

A

merocrine and constitutive secretion

19
Q

Where is the thyroid in relation to the neck and trachea?

A

on the 3rd and 4th cartilage down
underneath the cricoid cartilage
located on the anterior surface
looks like a butterfly

20
Q

What is hypothyroidism?

A

Low levels of T3 and T4, high levels of TSH

21
Q

What is hyperthyroidism?

A

high levels of T3 and T4 , low levels of TSH

22
Q

What are the T3/T4/TSH levels in Hashimotos thyroiditis?

A

low T3 and T4, high TSH

23
Q

How does Hashimoto’s thyroiditis occur?

A

The person produces autoantibodies that attack the enzymes that make T3 and T4

24
Q

What enzymes are attacked in Hashimoto’s?

A

TPO - thyroperoxidase (needed for last step of T3/T4 production)
TG - Thyroglobulin (stores T3/T4)

25
Q

What are the T3/T4 levels in Grave’s Thyroiditis?

A

high T3/T4, low TSH

26
Q

How does Grave’s occur?

A

The body produces anti-TSH antibodies and TSI antibodies.
Anti-TSH - blocks TSH from binding
TSI - bind directly thyroid to stimulate T3/T4 production

27
Q

What are parafollicular cells?

A

Neuroendocrine cells that migrate to the thyroid during thyroid development in the embryo and produce calcitonin

28
Q

What is the role of parafollicular cells?

A

To monitor plasma Ca2+ levels and decrease them by inhibiting osteoclast activity in bones

29
Q

What is the role of the parathyroid gland?

A

to monitor the plasma calcium concentration

30
Q

How does the parathyroid gland increase the concentration of calcium in the plasma?

A

Produces parathyroid hormone which causes the bones to release calcium into the blood and absorb more from the GI tract

31
Q

What cells make up the adrenal medulla?

A

Chromaffin cells

32
Q

How do chromaffin cells secrete hormones?

A

They are stimulated by nerve impulses

33
Q

What hormones are secreted by the adrenal medulla?

A

Adrenaline

Noradrenaline

34
Q

What are the 3 layers of the adrenal cortex?

A

outer - Zona glomerulosa
middle - Zona fasciculata
inner - Zone reticularis

35
Q

What is the function of each layer?

A

Zone glomerulosa - maintain BP with aldosterone
Zona fasciculata - mobilise fats, proteins and carbohydrates with glucocorticoids
Zone reticularis - androgen precursors

36
Q

What is the main response of the adrenal cortex?

A

Stress response

37
Q

What is a stress respnse?

A

a state of real or perceived threat to homeostasis

38
Q

What changes occur in a stress response?

A

behavioural changes

physicological changes

39
Q

Name 3 endocrine functions of the pancreas

A

glucagon - catabolises glycogen to glucose. Alpha cells
insulin - uptake and storage of glucose. Beta cells
somatostatins - inhibits glucagon and insulin production. delta cells

40
Q

What is the exocrine function of the pancreas?

A

Produce lipase
Produce amylase
Produce ribonuclease

Body Logistics (15 decks)

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