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Body Logistics > 7) Exocrine Glands > Flashcards

7) Exocrine Glands Flashcards

1
Q

Name 2 exocrine glands

A

Liver

Salivary glands

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2
Q

What do parotid glands secrete?

A

serous secretions

mucus secretions

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3
Q

Where is the parotid gland located?

A

Next to the ear

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4
Q

Where is the parotid gland in relation to different surfaces?

A

On the mastoid surface
2cm below the angle of mandible
On the head of the mandible
In the middle of the masseter muscle

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5
Q

Which glands produce saliva?

A

Parotid gland
Submandibular gland
Sublingual gland

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6
Q

Where are the submandibular glands located?

A

Under the mandible

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7
Q

What is the structure of the submandibular gland?

A

Split into 2 parts:
Superficial surface - muscus
Internal surface - serous

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8
Q

Which nervous system controls serous secretion?

A

parasympathetic

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9
Q

Which nervous systerm controls mucous secretion?

A

sympathetic

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10
Q

Which nervous systerm controls mucous secretion?

A

sympathetic

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11
Q

Name the 2 bloody supplies to the liver

A

hepatic portal vein

hepatic artery

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12
Q

What is the structure of the hepatic portal vein blood supply?

A

capillaries in stomach and intestine, hepatic portal vein, sinusoids in liver

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13
Q

How does blood travel to the liver from the hepatic artery blood supply?

A

aorta, hepatic artery, liver
OR
aorta, splenic artery, spleen, hepatic vein, liver

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14
Q

What are the 3 types of vessels in the body?

A

Continuous
Fenesrated
Sinusoid

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15
Q

Where are continuous vessles found in the body?

A

Brain - prevents haematoma

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16
Q

Where are fenestrated vessels found in the body?

A

Small intestine, kidney - allow small molecules to quickly pass through

17
Q

Where are sinusoid vessels found in the body?

A

Spleen - large molecules AND cells can get through

18
Q

What is the structure of a sinusoid vessel?

A

Endothelial layer and basment membrane both have large holes in them

19
Q

Why does the liver appear red in H&E staining?

A

Eosin stains proteins and the liver lobule makes lots of proteins

20
Q

What are the cells of the liver called?

A

Hepatocytes

21
Q

What is the shape of a liver lobule?

A

Hexagonal, each point has the portal triad (bile duct, portal vein and hepatic artery). Hepatocytes have a sinusoidal surface between them that connects to the central vein

22
Q

Where are Kupffer cells located?

A

Within the sinsoid of the hepatocytes and can move into the Spcae of Disse

23
Q

What is the role of Kupffer cells?

A

Acts as a specialised macrophage. Traps and phagocytoses any damaged or aged erythrocytes mised by the spleen

24
Q

What is the Space of Disse?

A

The serum like space between the hepatocytes and the sinusoid which contains stellate cells and dendritic cells

25
Q

What is the role of stellate cells?

A

To pick up lipid in the form of vitamin A, absorb the vitamin A and insert itself between hepatocytes to become Ito cells

26
Q

What is the assumed job of dendritic cells?

A

To pick up bacteria or fungi and present it to B cells and T cells

27
Q

Where are pit cells located?

A

In the sinusoid attached to endothelial cells

28
Q

What is the role of pit cells?

A

To detect cancer cells in the sinusoid and kill them

29
Q

How can you identify liver damage?

A

Bilirubin processed by the liver will appear yellow

30
Q

What is liver cirrhosis?

A

When stellite cells lose their ability to store vitamin A and differentiate into myofibroblasts

31
Q

What is the function of the liver?

A

Storage:
iron, Vitamin A, B12, D K, Copper, Glycogen

Anabolism (production):
proteins
enzymes

Catabolism (destruction):
hormones
haemaglobin
RBCs
toxins

other functions:
exocrine - bile production
endocrine - hormones/growth factors

32
Q

What is autocrine signalling?

A

Signal is released by hepatocytes and acts on its own receptors

33
Q

What is paracrine signalling?

A

Acts on adjacent hepatocytes causing them to proliferate

34
Q

What is intracrine signalling?

A

hormones produced or stored in the cell have an automatic effect on gene synthesis

35
Q

What is endocrine signalling?

A

Hormone secretion into the blood via an endocrine gland

36
Q

What is consitutive secretion?

A

Scretion that continuously occurs regardless of external factors

Body Logistics (15 decks)

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