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STEP1 2015 > Questions > Flashcards

Questions Flashcards

1
Q

cells that are rich in smooth ER

A

steroid- producing cells of the adrenal cortex, and hepatocytes

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2
Q

Baby heart defects with maternal alcohol use

A

ToF, VSD, ASD, PDA

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3
Q

Baby heart defects in pregestational diabetes

A

Transposition of the great vessels

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4
Q

heart defects seen in Turner

A

CoA, bicuspid/ other aortic valve defects

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5
Q

heart defects seen in trisomy 21

A

endocardial cushion defects

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6
Q

heart defects seen in rubella

A

PDA, pulmonary artery stenosis

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7
Q

heart defects seen in DiGeorge

A

tetralogy of Fallot, truncus arteriosus

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8
Q

crescendo decrescendo systolic murmur in the 2nd to 3rd right interspace close to the sternum

A

Aortic stenosis

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9
Q

early diastolic decrescendo murmur heard best along the left sternal border with BP 160/55

A

Aortic regurgitation

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10
Q

late diastolic decreases murmur heart best at lower left sternal border

A

tricuspid stenosis

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11
Q

holosystolic murmur at apex, radiates to left axilla

A

mitral regurgitation

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12
Q

late systolic murmur usually preceded by mid- systolic click

A

mitral prolapse

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13
Q

crescendo- decrescendo systolic murmur best heard at 2nd to 3rd interspaces close to the sternum

A

pulmonic stenosis

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14
Q

holosystolic murmur best heart along the left lower sternal border

A

tricuspid regurgitation or ventricular septal defect

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15
Q

rumbling late diastolic murmur with opening snap, loudest at the 5th interspace, midaxillary line

A

mitral stenosis

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16
Q

continuous machine- like murmur

A

PDA

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17
Q

female development

A

mesonephric duct degenerates and paramesonephric duct develops into internal female structures

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18
Q

paramesonephric ducts (mullerian duct)

A

fallopian tubes, uterus, upper vagina (lower portion from urogenital sinus).

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19
Q

Mullerian agenesis

A

may present as primary amenorrhea (due to a lack of uterine development) in females ith fully developed secondary sexual characteristics (functional ovaries)

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20
Q

Male development

A

SRY gene on Y chromosome- produces testis- determining factor- testes development. Sertoli cells secrete mullerian inhibitory factor (MIF). MIF suppresses development of paramesonephric ducts. Leydig cells secrete androgens that stimulate development of mesonephric ducts

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21
Q

Mesonephric (wolffian duct)

A

develops into male internal structures (except prostate) -SEED:
Seminal vesicles
epididymis
ejaculatory duct
ductus deferens
in females the Gartner duct is a remnant of the mesonephric duct. The mesonephric duct degenerates in the first trimester in the absence of testosterone

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22
Q

Urogenital sinus

A

develops into sinovaginal bulbs, the lower portion of the vagina. Defect leads to agenesis or atresia

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23
Q

genital tubercle

A

estrogen- glans clitoris

DHT- glans penis

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24
Q

genital tubercle

A

estrogen- vestibular bulbs

DHT- corpus cavernosum, spongiosum

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25
Q

urogenital sinus

A

estrogen- greater vestibular bulbs (of Bartholin)

DHT- Bulbourethral glands (of Cowper)

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26
Q

urogenital sinus

A

estrogen- urethral and paraurethral glands (of Skene)

DHT- Prostrate gland

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27
Q

urogenital folds

A

estrogen- labia minora

DHT- gentral shaft of penis (penile urethra)

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28
Q

labioscrotal swelling

A

estrogen- labia majora

DHT- scrotum

29
Q

ectocervix cell type

A

non-keratinized squamous epithelium

30
Q

endocervix cell type

A

mucus- secreting simple columnar epithelium

31
Q

fallopian tube cell type

A

ciliated simple columnar epithelium

32
Q

estrogen- producing ovarian tumor leading to precocious puberty or post- menopausal bleed

A

granulosa cell tumor, thecoma

33
Q

androgen- producing tumor leading to virilization

A

Sertoli- Leydig tumor

34
Q

Contains fallopian tube-like epithelium

A

serous tumor

35
Q

Contains urinary tract- like epithelium

A

Brenner tumor

36
Q

historically associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei

A

mucinous tumor (appendiceal etiology is more likely)

37
Q

Schiller- Duval bodies

A

yolk- sac tumor

38
Q

Call- Exner bodies

A

Granulosa cell tumor

39
Q

Psammomma body

A

Serous tumor

40
Q

Fried egg cells

A

Dysgerminoma (ovary), seminoma (testicle)

41
Q

AFP

A

yolk sac tumor

42
Q

hCG

A

choriocarcinoma, dysgerminoma

43
Q

LDH

A

dysgerminoma

44
Q

female equivalent to seminoma

A

dysgerminoma (but this is rarer than seminoma

45
Q

Sx associated with blocking the mesocortical pathway

A

increase negative symptoms of schizophrenia

46
Q

Sx associated with blocking the mesolimbic pathway

A

relieve positive symptoms of schizophrenia

47
Q

Sx associated with blocking the nigrostriatal pathway

A

PD

48
Q

Symptoms associated with blocking the tuberoinfundibular pathway

A

increased prolactin secretion leading to hypogonadism

49
Q

Autosomal dominant

A
  • autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
  • familial adenomatous polyposis
  • familial hypercholesterolemia
  • hereditary spherocytosis
  • Huntington
  • Marfan
  • VHL disease
  • Neurofibromatosis type I (von Recklinghausen)
50
Q

X-linked recessive disorders: Oblivious Female Will Give Her Boys Her X-linked Disorders

A 
Oblivious Female Will Give Her Boys Her X-linked Disorders
Ocular albinism
Fabry disease
Wiskott- Aldrich syndrome G6PD
Hunter
Bruton agammaglobulinemia
Hemophilia A and B
Lesch- Nyhan Syndrome
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
51
Q

Autosomal recessive diseases

A 
Cystic fibrosis
glycogen storage diseases
infantile polycystic kidney disease
hemochromatosis
mucopolysaccharidoses (Except Hunter)
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Sickle cell anemia
Thalassemias
52
Q

Cyclin-cdk complex going from G1 to S phase progression

A

cyclin D+cdk4

cyclin E+cdk2

53
Q

cyclin-cdk complex that mediates G2 to M phase progression

A

cyclin A + cdk2`

54
Q

unpasteurized milk, eating animal plasma

A

Q FEVER, brucella

55
Q

which murmurs are alright in the absence of evidence of disease?

A

split S1, split S2 on inspiration, S3 heart sound in patient

56
Q

globus pallidus interna effect on movement

A

inhibits movement

57
Q

subthalamic nucleus effect on movement

A

inhibits movement (lesion can lead to hemiballismus contralaterally, lesion deliberately to help with PD)

58
Q

hemiballismus

A

STN lesion contralaterally (lacunar stroke)

59
Q

subtantia nigra pars compacta

A

facilitates movement (this region is gone in PD)

60
Q

Brown- sequard syndrome

A

ipsilateral UMN signs below the lesion
ipsilateral dorsal column loss of information below the lesion
contralateral pain and temperature loss 2-3 segments below the lesion
ipsilateral pain and temp loss at the level of the lesion
LMN signs below the lesion, ipsilaterally

61
Q

ALS

A

combined UMN and LMN defects without sensory deficit

62
Q

Multiple sclerosis- Charcot triad

A

scanning speech, intention tremor, nystagmus

also
bowel bladder incontinence
internuclear ophthalmoplegia
optic neuritis

female who is 20-30yo

63
Q

lysosomal storage disease associated with accumulation of GM2 ganglioside

A

Tay- Sachs disease

64
Q

lysosomal disease associated with renal failure

A

Fabry disease

65
Q

boot-shaped heart

A

RVH, ToF

66
Q

cafe au lait spots

A

neurofibromatosis type I

McCune-Albright syndrome

67
Q

Tuft of hair on lower back

A

spina bifida

68
Q

Tuberous sclerosis

A

seizures
intellectual disability
angiofibromas

STEP1 2015 (30 decks)

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