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STEP1 2015 > CV > Flashcards

CV Flashcards

1
Q

High BP related to paroxysms of increased sympathetic tone: anxiety, palpitations, diaphoresis

A

pheochromocytoma

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2
Q

age of onset between 20 and 50 and HTN

A

essential HTN

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3
Q

abdominal bruit and HTN

A

renal artery stenosis

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4
Q

BP in arms> legs cause of HTN

A

coarctation of aorta

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5
Q

family hx of HTN

A

essential HTN

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6
Q

tachycardia, heat intolerance, diarrhea and HTN

A

hyperthyroidism

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7
Q

hyperkalemia and HTN

A

renal insufficiency

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8
Q

hypokalemia and HTN

A

renal artery stenosis (response to poor perfusion is to activate RAAS leading to hypokalemia)

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9
Q

Central obesity, moon- shaped face, hirsutism

A

Cushing syndrome

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10
Q

young individual with acute onset tachycardia

A

stimulant abuse- cocaine or amphetamines

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11
Q

proteinuria

A

kidney disease

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12
Q

first- line treatment for patient with CKD

A

ACEI or ARB

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13
Q

first- line for black patients without CKD

A

thiazide diuretic, CCB

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14
Q

non-black patients (without CKD)

A

thiazide diuretic, CCB, ACEI, or ARB

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15
Q

HTN drug that causes hypertrichosis

A

minoxidil

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16
Q

HTN drug that causes cyanide toxicity

A

sodium nitroprusside

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17
Q

reflex tachycardia from HTN meds

A

vasodilators- nitrates, hydralazine, dihydropyridines

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18
Q

cough from HTN drug

A

ACEI/ARB

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19
Q

Possible development of drug- induced lupus from HTN drug

A

hydralazine

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20
Q

Possible angioedema from HTN drugs

A

ARB/ACEI maybe due to elevated bradykinins

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21
Q

Will improve survival in CHF patients

A

ACEI, ARB, aldosterone antagonists, beta blockers (carvedilol, metoprolol, bisiprolol)

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22
Q

ST segment elevation only during brief episodes of CP

A

Prinzmetal angina

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23
Q

Patient is able to point to localize cp using one finger

A

musculoskeletal chest pain

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24
Q

chest wall tenderness on palpation

A

musculoskeletal chest pain

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25
Q

Rapid onset of sharp pain that radiates to the scapula

A

aortic dissection

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26
Q

rapid onset sharp chest pain in a 20yo associated with dyspnea

A

PTX- spontaneous

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27
Q

occurs after heavy meals and is improved by antacids

A

GERD or esophageal spasm

28
Q

sharp pain lasting hours- days somewhat relieved by sitting forward

A

percarditis

29
Q

pain made worse by deep breathing and/or motion

A

pleuritic chest pain, or msk pain

30
Q

chest pain in a dermatomal distribution

A

herpes zoster virus

31
Q

most common cause of non-cardiac chest pain

A

GERD, msk pain, costrochondritis which you treat with NSAIDs

32
Q

post- MI cardiac tamponade

A

rupture of ventricular wall

33
Q

post- MI new mitral regurge

A

rupture of papillary muscles

34
Q

post MI new VSD

A

rupture of intraventricular septum

35
Q

post MI new stroke

A

mural thrombus leading to embolus

36
Q

leads showing ischemia in anterior wall MI

A

V1- V4, V5

37
Q

how to treat acute MI

A 
MONA (morphine, o2, nitrates, asa). 
B blocker but not if there are signs of heart failure or severe asthma
Statin
antiplatelet therapy - clopidogrel/ticagrelor
anticoagulant-heparin, enoxaparin
Mg and potassium above 4 and 2
STEMI: cath lab/ fibrinolysis
NSTEMI- cath and f/u
38
Q

focal myocardial inflammation with multinucleate giant cells

A

Aschoff bodies of rheumatic heart disease

39
Q

chest pain and course rubbing heart sounds in patient with Cr of 5.0

A

uremic pericarditis

40
Q

tree- barking of the aorta

A

tertiary syphilis

41
Q

child with fever, joint pain, cutaneous nodules four weeks after a throat infection

A

acute rheumatic fever

42
Q

ST elevation in all ECG leads

A

pericarditis

43
Q

ECG shows electrical alternans

A

cardiac tamponade

44
Q

weak pulses in upper extremities

A

Takayasu arteritis “pulseless disease”

45
Q

granulomas of lung, glomerulonephritis, c-ANCA positive

A

granulomatosis with polyangiitis or Wegener

46
Q

necrotizing immune complex inflammation of visceral/renal vessels

A

polyarteritis nodosa

47
Q

2 yr old east asian female

A

Kawasaki disease

48
Q

20 year olf east asian female

A

Takayasu arteritis

49
Q

young male smoker

A

Buerger disease, aka thromboangiitis obliterans

50
Q

young asthmatics

A

eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg- Strauss)

51
Q

Infants and young children, involves the coronary arteries

A

Kawasaki disease

52
Q

Associated with hepatitis B infection

A

PAN

53
Q

occlusion of ophthalmic artery can lead to blindness

A

Temporal arteritis aka giant cell arteritis

54
Q

perforation of nasal septum

A

granulomatous with polyangiitis

55
Q

most common arteritis

A

giant cell arteritis

56
Q

unilateral headaches, jaw claudication

A

giant cell arteritis

57
Q

benign raised red lesion about the size of a mole in older patients

A

cherry hemangioma

58
Q

raised, red area present at birth, increases in size initially then regresses over months to years

A

strawberry hemangioma

59
Q

lesion caused by lymphoangiogenic growth factors in an HIV patient

A

Kaposi sarcoma

60
Q

polypoid red lesion found in pregnancy or after trauma

A

pyogenic granuloma

61
Q

benign, painful, red-blue tumor under fingernail

A

glomus tumor

62
Q

cavernous lymphangioma assocated with Turner syndrome

A

cystic hygroma

63
Q

skin papule in AIDS patient cause by Bartonella

A

bacillary angiomatosis

64
Q

what do peripheral chemoreceptors sense?

A

drop in pH, increase in pCO2, decrease in pO2

carotid and aortic

65
Q

what do central peripheral chemoreceptors sense?

A

changes in pH or pCO2, but NOT drop in pO2

STEP1 2015 (30 decks)

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