CV Flashcards
High BP related to paroxysms of increased sympathetic tone: anxiety, palpitations, diaphoresis
pheochromocytoma
age of onset between 20 and 50 and HTN
essential HTN
abdominal bruit and HTN
renal artery stenosis
BP in arms> legs cause of HTN
coarctation of aorta
family hx of HTN
essential HTN
tachycardia, heat intolerance, diarrhea and HTN
hyperthyroidism
hyperkalemia and HTN
renal insufficiency
hypokalemia and HTN
renal artery stenosis (response to poor perfusion is to activate RAAS leading to hypokalemia)
Central obesity, moon- shaped face, hirsutism
Cushing syndrome
young individual with acute onset tachycardia
stimulant abuse- cocaine or amphetamines
proteinuria
kidney disease
first- line treatment for patient with CKD
ACEI or ARB
first- line for black patients without CKD
thiazide diuretic, CCB
non-black patients (without CKD)
thiazide diuretic, CCB, ACEI, or ARB
HTN drug that causes hypertrichosis
minoxidil
HTN drug that causes cyanide toxicity
sodium nitroprusside
reflex tachycardia from HTN meds
vasodilators- nitrates, hydralazine, dihydropyridines
cough from HTN drug
ACEI/ARB
Possible development of drug- induced lupus from HTN drug
hydralazine
Possible angioedema from HTN drugs
ARB/ACEI maybe due to elevated bradykinins
Will improve survival in CHF patients
ACEI, ARB, aldosterone antagonists, beta blockers (carvedilol, metoprolol, bisiprolol)
ST segment elevation only during brief episodes of CP
Prinzmetal angina
Patient is able to point to localize cp using one finger
musculoskeletal chest pain
chest wall tenderness on palpation
musculoskeletal chest pain
Rapid onset of sharp pain that radiates to the scapula
aortic dissection
rapid onset sharp chest pain in a 20yo associated with dyspnea
PTX- spontaneous
occurs after heavy meals and is improved by antacids
GERD or esophageal spasm
sharp pain lasting hours- days somewhat relieved by sitting forward
percarditis
pain made worse by deep breathing and/or motion
pleuritic chest pain, or msk pain
chest pain in a dermatomal distribution
herpes zoster virus
most common cause of non-cardiac chest pain
GERD, msk pain, costrochondritis which you treat with NSAIDs
post- MI cardiac tamponade
rupture of ventricular wall
post- MI new mitral regurge
rupture of papillary muscles
post MI new VSD
rupture of intraventricular septum
post MI new stroke
mural thrombus leading to embolus
leads showing ischemia in anterior wall MI
V1- V4, V5
how to treat acute MI
MONA (morphine, o2, nitrates, asa). B blocker but not if there are signs of heart failure or severe asthma Statin antiplatelet therapy - clopidogrel/ticagrelor anticoagulant-heparin, enoxaparin Mg and potassium above 4 and 2 STEMI: cath lab/ fibrinolysis NSTEMI- cath and f/u
focal myocardial inflammation with multinucleate giant cells
Aschoff bodies of rheumatic heart disease
chest pain and course rubbing heart sounds in patient with Cr of 5.0
uremic pericarditis
tree- barking of the aorta
tertiary syphilis
child with fever, joint pain, cutaneous nodules four weeks after a throat infection
acute rheumatic fever
ST elevation in all ECG leads
pericarditis
ECG shows electrical alternans
cardiac tamponade
weak pulses in upper extremities
Takayasu arteritis “pulseless disease”
granulomas of lung, glomerulonephritis, c-ANCA positive
granulomatosis with polyangiitis or Wegener
necrotizing immune complex inflammation of visceral/renal vessels
polyarteritis nodosa
2 yr old east asian female
Kawasaki disease
20 year olf east asian female
Takayasu arteritis
young male smoker
Buerger disease, aka thromboangiitis obliterans
young asthmatics
eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg- Strauss)
Infants and young children, involves the coronary arteries
Kawasaki disease
Associated with hepatitis B infection
PAN
occlusion of ophthalmic artery can lead to blindness
Temporal arteritis aka giant cell arteritis
perforation of nasal septum
granulomatous with polyangiitis
most common arteritis
giant cell arteritis
unilateral headaches, jaw claudication
giant cell arteritis
benign raised red lesion about the size of a mole in older patients
cherry hemangioma
raised, red area present at birth, increases in size initially then regresses over months to years
strawberry hemangioma
lesion caused by lymphoangiogenic growth factors in an HIV patient
Kaposi sarcoma
polypoid red lesion found in pregnancy or after trauma
pyogenic granuloma
benign, painful, red-blue tumor under fingernail
glomus tumor
cavernous lymphangioma assocated with Turner syndrome
cystic hygroma
skin papule in AIDS patient cause by Bartonella
bacillary angiomatosis
what do peripheral chemoreceptors sense?
drop in pH, increase in pCO2, decrease in pO2
carotid and aortic
what do central peripheral chemoreceptors sense?
changes in pH or pCO2, but NOT drop in pO2
