Quantitive Stuff (paper1)

Question 1

What is theoretical yield

Answer 1

Maximum mass of a product can be formed from a given amount of a reactant

Question 2

What is percentage yield

Answer 2

The actual yield is the actual mass of product formed a reaction

Question 3

What is the equation for percentage yield

Answer 3

=actual yield divided by theoretical yield x 100

Question 4

What is the equation for moles

Answer 4

Moles = mass divided by RFM

Question 5

What is atom economy

Answer 5

A method of showing how efficient a particular Reaction makes use Of the Atoms in the reactants

Question 6

What does atom economy show

Answer 6

Mass of useful products by percentage

Question 7

What’s the atom economy equation

Answer 7

RFM of useful product divided by the sum of RFMs of all reactants

Question 8

Why is the atom economy usually not 100%

Answer 8

Either something reacted with something to make a waste product, or some gases escaped from the closed system, or some product is left behind on apparatus

Question 9

What is Avogadro’s number/the value of 1 mole

Answer 9

6.02x10 to the power of 23

Question 10

What is gas measured in

Answer 10

Dm cubed

Question 11

What is 1dm cubed equivalent to

Answer 11

1 litre or 1000cm cubed

Question 12

If gases are at the same temp and pressure, then what else will they have to same

Answer 12

Same amount of particles

Question 13

What is molar gas volume

Answer 13

The volume occupied by one mole of molecules of any gas

Question 14

What is the molar gas volume at rtp

Answer 14

24dm cubed

Question 15

What does rtp mean

Answer 15

Room temp and pressure

Question 16

What is the equation for volume of gas

Answer 16

Amount of gas(mol) x molar volume

Question 17

What is the equation for amount of gas

Answer 17

Volume divided by molar volume

Question 18

How do you change dm cubed to cm cubed

Answer 18

Multiply by 1000

Question 19

How do you change cm cubed to dm cubed

Answer 19

Divide by 1000

Question 20

What is the equation for concentration

Answer 20

Mass of solute in grams divided by volume of solution in dm cubed

Question 21

What is another equation for concentration

Answer 21

Number of moles of solute divided by the volume of solution in dm cubed

Question 22

What’s the definition of a fertiliser

Answer 22

A fertiliser provides mineral irons to facilitate plant growth and replace nutrients in soil that have already been absorbed by plants

Question 23

What are important elements to plants

Answer 23

Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium

Question 24

What form must the fertiliser be in to be absorb

Answer 24

A soluble form(liquid)

Question 25

What part of the plant absorbs the fertiliser

Answer 25

Root hair cells

Question 26

What is a source of a soluble nitrogen compound

Answer 26

Nitrogenous fertilisers

Question 27

What is ammonium nitrate

Answer 27

A salt manufactured by reacting ammonia solution with dilute nitric acid

Question 28

How is nitric acid manufactured

Answer 28

It is manufactured from ammonia in stages

Question 29

How is ammonium sulphate made

Answer 29

In a laboratory by reacting ammonia solution with dilute sulphuric acid

Question 30

Explain the process of making ammonium sulphate in a lab

Answer 30

It is on a small scale and uses titration. It's also made in batches

Question 31

Explain the process of making ammonium sulphate in a factory

Answer 31

Large scale, several stages and it's continuously made

Question 32

Name the 4 factors affecting equilibrium

Answer 32

Temp Pressure Concentration Catalyst

Question 33

What can the 4 factors also affect

Answer 33

The rate of reaction

Question 34

Where do factors affecting equilibrium only happen

Answer 34

In a closed system

Question 35

What are some of the factors that chemical manufacturers have to take into consideration while making their product

Answer 35

It needs to be the appropriate amount of yield in an appropriate amount of time They sometimes don't allow the reaction to go to equilibrium if it will take ages and cost lots

Question 36

What does a percentage yield calculation give no indication of

Answer 36

The amount of waste products

Question 37

How can you improve the atom economy

Answer 37

Find uses for the by-products

Question 38

Why should you measure the volume if something from the bottom of a meniscus

Answer 38

To avoid a error

Question 39

What is concentration

Answer 39

The amount of solute dissolved in a stated volume of solution

Question 40

What are acid-alkali titration used for

Answer 40

To find the exact volume of acid that neutralises a specific volume of alkali or vice-versa

Question 41

What is a mole ratio

Answer 41

The ratio in moles of a the substances in a balanced equation

Question 42

What could happen to plants if they are mineral-deprived

Answer 42

Have stunted-shoots or discoloured leaves

Question 43

Where is ammonia solution and dilute sulphuric acid brought in from for laboratory making of ammonium sulphate

Answer 43

Chemical manufactures

Question 44

Where is ammonia solution and dilute sulphuric acid brought in from for industrial production making of ammonium sulphate

Answer 44

It isn't brought in, it's made on site from their raw materials

Question 45

Why is the industrial process of making ammonium sulphate stopped occasionally?

Answer 45

For maintenance and cleaning of the machinery

Question 46

What factors effect the reaction pathway that is chosen

Answer 46

Availability and cost of raw materials and energy supplies Rate of reaction and equilibrium position Atom economy, yield and usefulness of by-products

Question 47

In the past, what way was nitric acid made

Answer 47

Using the Birkland-Eyde process

Question 48

What was wrong with the Birkland-Eyde process

Answer 48

It's yield of nitrogen monoxide was only 4% and it used huge amounts of energy

Question 49

What method is now used for making nitric acid

Answer 49

The Ostwald process

Question 50

What do chemical cells have

Answer 50

Two different metals, each dipped into a solution of one of their salts and a salt bridge to allowed dissolved ions to pass from one solution to another

Question 51

Where do chemical cells store their reactants

Answer 51

Inside

Question 52

Where do fuel cells store their reactants

Answer 52

They don’t, they get them from the outside

Question 53

Do fuel cells go flat

Answer 53

No as they produce a voltage for as long as reactants are supplied

Question 54

Why are hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells and electric motors better than petrol and Diesel engines

Answer 54

They are quieter and need less maintenance