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Chemistry > Acids and Alkalis (paper1) > Flashcards

Acids and Alkalis (paper1) Flashcards

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1
Q

What’s the definitions of an acid

A

A substance with a ph of less than 7
A substance that turns universal indicator re, orange or yellow
A substance that donates protons in a reaction

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2
Q

Why is sulphuric acid strong

A

Because it dissociates to form 2 protons in water

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3
Q

What does ph mean

A

Power of hydrogen

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4
Q

What happens if you increase a hydrogen ion by a factor of 10

A

The ph increases by 1

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5
Q

What do bases always react with, and what do they make

A

Acids to make water and a salt

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6
Q

What do carbonates make

A

CO2

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7
Q

What is CO2 seen as

A

Bubbles

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8
Q

What’s the sulfate symbol

A

SO4 2-

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9
Q

Nitrate symbol

A

NO3 -

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10
Q

Carbonate symbol

A

CO3 2-

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11
Q

Chloride symbol

A

Cl -

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12
Q

Bromide symbol

A

Br -

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13
Q

Sulfide

A

S2

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14
Q

Oxide symbol

A

O2 -

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15
Q

Hydroxide

A

OH-

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16
Q

What ates have that ides don’t

A

Oxygen

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17
Q

What test is used for hydrogen

A

Pop test

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18
Q

What is lime water test used for

A

Test for CO2

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19
Q

What salts are soluble in water

A

Ammonium salts, sodium, potassium and nitrates

20
Q

What salts are insoluble

A

Silver, lead, chlorides, barium

21
Q

What’s dissociation

A

When a substance splits into its ions

22
Q

Why is HCl a strong acid

A

Because it fully dissociates in water

23
Q

What defines a weak acid

A

An acid that doesn’t fully dissociate when dissolved

24
Q

Name a weak acid

A

Ethanoic or citric

25
Q

Define concentration

A

The amount of a substance dissolved in a volume of water

26
Q

What is concentration measured in

A

Moles per decimetre cubed (mol dm -3)

27
Q

Iodide symbol

A

I-

28
Q

When are polyatomic ions formed

A

When small groups of atoms, held together by covalent bonds, lose or gain electrons

29
Q

The higher the number of hydrogen ions, the higher the what

A

Acidity

30
Q

The higher the number of hydroxide ions, the more what

A

The more alkaline

31
Q

What is the concentration equation

A

Conc= amount dissolved divided by volume of solution

32
Q

What are bases

A

Substances that neutralise acids to form a salt and water

33
Q

During neutralisation, what do hydrogen ions combine with

A

Oxide ions to form water

34
Q

How to produce a soluble salt (tin oxide)

A

1) add excess tin oxide to HCl
2) gently warm mixture to increase rate of reaction
3) filter unreacted solid
4) heat to evaporate water
5) leave to evaporate and crystallise

35
Q

What process is used to obtain dry soluble salt from a solution

A

Crystallisation by titration

36
Q

How to carry out titration

A

1) carry out titration
2) note exact volume of acid needed to neutralise alkaline
3) use burette to add correct volume of acid without indicator
4) evaporate water

37
Q

What is effervescence

A

Hydrogen gas bubbles

38
Q

All acids form what in aqueous solutions

A

Hydrogen ions

39
Q

What are spectator ions

A

Ions that do not change in a reaction

40
Q

A loss of electrons is what

A

Oxidation.

41
Q

A gain of electrons is what

A

Reduction.

42
Q

Acids react with a what to form a salt water and carbon dioxide

A

Metal carbonates

43
Q

What is precipitation reaction

A

A reaction in which soluble substances in a solution cause an insoluble precipitation to form

44
Q

What is insoluble in water

A

Silver, lead and lead chlorides, barium, calcium sulphates, most carbonates and most hydroxides

45
Q

How to prepare insoluble salts

A

1) Wear eye protection
2) mix 2 solutions in a beaker then filter
3) rinse beaker with distilled water and pour through funnel
4) pour distilled water over precipitate in funnel
5) remove filter paper and dry in warm oven

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