Acids and Alkalis (paper1)

Question 1

What’s the definitions of an acid

Answer 1

A substance with a ph of less than 7
A substance that turns universal indicator re, orange or yellow
A substance that donates protons in a reaction

Question 2

Why is sulphuric acid strong

Answer 2

Because it dissociates to form 2 protons in water

Question 3

What does ph mean

Answer 3

Power of hydrogen

Question 4

What happens if you increase a hydrogen ion by a factor of 10

Answer 4

The ph increases by 1

Question 5

What do bases always react with, and what do they make

Answer 5

Acids to make water and a salt

Question 6

What do carbonates make

Answer 6

CO2

Question 7

What is CO2 seen as

Answer 7

Bubbles

Question 8

What’s the sulfate symbol

Answer 8

SO4 2-

Question 9

Nitrate symbol

Answer 9

NO3 -

Question 10

Carbonate symbol

Answer 10

CO3 2-

Question 11

Chloride symbol

Answer 11

Cl -

Question 12

Bromide symbol

Answer 12

Br -

Question 13

Sulfide

Answer 13

S2

Question 14

Oxide symbol

Answer 14

O2 -

Question 15

Hydroxide

Answer 15

OH-

Question 16

What ates have that ides don’t

Answer 16

Oxygen

Question 17

What test is used for hydrogen

Answer 17

Pop test

Question 18

What is lime water test used for

Answer 18

Test for CO2

Question 19

What salts are soluble in water

Answer 19

Ammonium salts, sodium, potassium and nitrates

Question 20

What salts are insoluble

Answer 20

Silver, lead, chlorides, barium

Question 21

What’s dissociation

Answer 21

When a substance splits into its ions

Question 22

Why is HCl a strong acid

Answer 22

Because it fully dissociates in water

Question 23

What defines a weak acid

Answer 23

An acid that doesn’t fully dissociate when dissolved

Question 24

Name a weak acid

Answer 24

Ethanoic or citric

Question 25

Define concentration

Answer 25

The amount of a substance dissolved in a volume of water

Question 26

What is concentration measured in

Answer 26

Moles per decimetre cubed (mol dm -3)

Question 27

Iodide symbol

Answer 27

I-

Question 28

When are polyatomic ions formed

Answer 28

When small groups of atoms, held together by covalent bonds, lose or gain electrons

Question 29

The higher the number of hydrogen ions, the higher the what

Answer 29

Acidity

Question 30

The higher the number of hydroxide ions, the more what

Answer 30

The more alkaline

Question 31

What is the concentration equation

Answer 31

Conc= amount dissolved divided by volume of solution

Question 32

What are bases

Answer 32

Substances that neutralise acids to form a salt and water

Question 33

During neutralisation, what do hydrogen ions combine with

Answer 33

Oxide ions to form water

Question 34

How to produce a soluble salt (tin oxide)

Answer 34

1) add excess tin oxide to HCl 2) gently warm mixture to increase rate of reaction 3) filter unreacted solid 4) heat to evaporate water 5) leave to evaporate and crystallise

Question 35

What process is used to obtain dry soluble salt from a solution

Answer 35

Crystallisation by titration

Question 36

How to carry out titration

Answer 36

1) carry out titration 2) note exact volume of acid needed to neutralise alkaline 3) use burette to add correct volume of acid without indicator 4) evaporate water

Question 37

What is effervescence

Answer 37

Hydrogen gas bubbles

Question 38

All acids form what in aqueous solutions

Answer 38

Hydrogen ions

Question 39

What are spectator ions

Answer 39

Ions that do not change in a reaction

Question 40

A loss of electrons is what

Answer 40

Oxidation.

Question 41

A gain of electrons is what

Answer 41

Reduction.

Question 42

Acids react with a what to form a salt water and carbon dioxide

Answer 42

Metal carbonates

Question 43

What is precipitation reaction

Answer 43

A reaction in which soluble substances in a solution cause an insoluble precipitation to form

Question 44

What is insoluble in water

Answer 44

Silver, lead and lead chlorides, barium, calcium sulphates, most carbonates and most hydroxides

Question 45

How to prepare insoluble salts

Answer 45

1) Wear eye protection 2) mix 2 solutions in a beaker then filter 3) rinse beaker with distilled water and pour through funnel 4) pour distilled water over precipitate in funnel 5) remove filter paper and dry in warm oven