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Chemistry > Electrolysis, Dynamic Equilibrium and Electroplating (paper1) > Flashcards

Electrolysis, Dynamic Equilibrium and Electroplating (paper1) Flashcards

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1
Q

Name a use for gold and why

A

Spacesuit visors for radiation protection

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2
Q

Name a use for copper and why

A

Building construction and wiring because it can conduct electricity

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3
Q

Name a use for aluminium and why

A

Overhead electrical cables because it resists corrosion, does not conduct electricity

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4
Q

What is brass

A

An alloy of copper and zinc

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5
Q

What happens to ions of a substance when dissolved in water

A

They are free to move

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6
Q

Define electrolysis

A

A process where electricity is used to make a chemical change happen that wouldn’t happen otherwise

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7
Q

Name all diatomic elements

A

Br, I, N, Cl, H, O, F, At

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8
Q

What does not spontaneous mean

A

Doesn’t happen on its own

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9
Q

What forces electrolysis to happen

A

electrical energy from a battery

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10
Q

What happens at the anode

A

Oxidation, and it pulls the electrons

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11
Q

What happens at the cathode

A

Reduction, and it pushes electrons

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12
Q

What happens to elements that don’t have a charge

A

They pair up

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13
Q

At the anode, what is the layout of the half equation

A

X->X+Y

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14
Q

At the cathode, what is the half equation layout

A

X + Y->X

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15
Q

What are the ions called that go to the anode

A

Anions

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16
Q

What are the ions called that go to the cathode

A

Cations

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17
Q

How many ions are present when electrolysing molten substances

A

2

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18
Q

What is the most common type of reversible reaction

A

Biochemical, they take place in living organisms

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19
Q

What is an important industrial reaction

A

The Haber process

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20
Q

What are the names for the ways the reaction moves

A

Endothermic and exothermic

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21
Q

When is the reaction exothermic

A

When it’s giving out heat

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22
Q

When is a reaction endothermic

A

When it gets colder or absorbs heat

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23
Q

What happens at a certain point in a reversible reaction

A

Both forward and backward reactions are happening at the same speed so the amount of products and reactants aren’t changing

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24
Q

Where does a dynamic equilibrium only occur

A

A closed system

25
Q

What would happen if it was in an open system

A

Gases would escape and so equilibrium would not be achieved

26
Q

What’s the haber process equation

A

Nitrogen+hydrogen<=> ammonia

27
Q

What are the three factors we can change to influence the position of an equilibrium

A

Temp, concentration, pressure

28
Q

Do an equilibrium have to be in the middle

A

No

29
Q

What happens if the reaction increases in temp

A

It moves in the endothermic direction

30
Q

What happens if the reaction decreases temp

A

It moves in the exothermic direction

31
Q

What happens if we increase the gas pressure in a reaction

A

It moves in the direction that forms fewer gas molecules

32
Q

What happens if we decrease the gas pressure

A

It moves in the direction that forms more gas molecules

33
Q

What happens if we increase the concentration in a reaction

A

It moves in the direction that uses up the substance that has been added

34
Q

What happens if we decrease the concentration in a reaction

A

It moves in the direction that forms more the substance that has been removed

35
Q

What happens if you add a catalyst to the reaction

A

It stays the same

36
Q

Where does the hater process get its nitrogen

A

The air

37
Q

Where does the haber process get its hydrogen from

A

Natural gas

38
Q

What conditions does the haber process have to have to work

A

High temps- Temp of 450^
High pressure- 20x normal atmospheric
The presence of an iron catalyst

39
Q

What comprise is made in the haber process

A

A higher temp = a quicker rate of reaction but it produces less ammonia so 450 is a compromise

40
Q

What does higher pressure in the haber process produce

A

More ammonia

41
Q

What does the high pressure in the haber process run the risk of

A

Explosions

42
Q

What is electroplating used for

A

Preventing corrosion or to make something pretty

43
Q

What is electroplating

A

Coating the surface of one metal with a thin layer of another metal

44
Q

What are the best electrical conductors

A

Silver and copper

45
Q

What are the downsides of electroplating with silver and copper

A

They tarnish in air

46
Q

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of gold electroplating

A

It’s a good conductor and doesn’t tarnish but it’s expensive

47
Q

What is the object that is to be electroplated

A

The cathode

48
Q

What can iron and steel be covered in to prevent rusting

A

Zinc

49
Q

What is the process in which zinc covers iron

A

Galvanising

50
Q

What is zinc acting as

A

A sacrificial metal that stops water reaching the iron or steel

51
Q

Does sacrificial protection still happen if the layer of zinc is damaged?

A

Yes

52
Q

What is an alloy

A

A mixture of a metal element with one or more other elements

53
Q

How is an alloy steel made

A

By adding other elements to iron

54
Q

How do you create different properties in alloy steels

A

Change their composition

55
Q

What steel resists rusting

A

Stainless steel

56
Q

What does stainless steel contain

A

Chromium, which reacts with oxygen to form chromium oxide

57
Q

What are the ions called in a displacement reaction that don’t change

A

Spectator ions

58
Q

What’s a redox reaction

A

A reaction where one substance is oxidised and one substance is reduced

59
Q

What is the ionic equation for every BAWS reaction

A

OH- + H+ -> H2O

Chemistry (15 decks)

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