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Chemistry > Electron Shells and Bonding (paper 1 and 2) > Flashcards

Electron Shells and Bonding (paper 1 and 2) Flashcards

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1
Q

Are electrons evenly spread

A

No

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2
Q

What do electrons exist in

A

Layers know as shells or energy levels

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3
Q

What the arrangement of electrons in shells called

A

Electron configuration

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4
Q

How many electrons can the 1st shell hold

A

2

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5
Q

How many electrons can the 2nd shell hold

A

8

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6
Q

How many electrons can the 3rd shell hold

A

8 electrons

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7
Q

How many electrons can the 4th shell hold

A

2 but 18 in A Level

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8
Q

What charged are the protons(2)

A

+ve

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9
Q

What charge are electrons

A

-ve

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10
Q

Name the different types of bonding

A

Ionic, metallic and covalent

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11
Q

What’s ionic bonding

A

Non metal and metal

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12
Q

What’s covalent bonding

A

Non metals

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13
Q

What’s metallic bonding

A

Metals

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14
Q

What’s the definition of bonding

A

Atoms joint in 3 different ways

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15
Q

What happens when metals react

A

They lose their outer shells to leave a full electron shell

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16
Q

What does ionic bonding produce

A

Charged atom with a +charge

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17
Q

How are ionic lattices formed

A

Oppositely charged ions are attracted into lattices

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18
Q

If an element gains an electron it has what charge?

A

Negative

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19
Q

What’s the definition of an ionic bond

A

Oppositely charge ions held together by a strong electrostatic attraction

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20
Q

What are some properties of an ionic substance

A

Most dissolve and they do not conduct electricity when a solid

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21
Q

What is a covalent bond

A

A shared pair of electrons

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22
Q

What are simple molecules held together by

A

Weak molecular forces

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23
Q

What do simple molecular structures have

A

Low melting and boiling points

24
Q

What kind of atoms form giant structures

A

Carbon

25
Q

What are different arrangements of the same element called

A

Allotropes

26
Q

What is an allotrope of carbon

A

Diamond

27
Q

Does diamond conduct electricity

A

No

28
Q

What is in between the layers of graphite

A

A sea of delocalised electrons

29
Q

What do giant structures have

A

High melting and boiling points

30
Q

What are the outermost electrons on a metal free to do

A

Move

31
Q

What is the definition of metallic bonding

A

The attraction of positive metal ions to a sea of electrons

32
Q

What are metals not

A

Brittle

33
Q

What’s the RFM definition

A

The sum of the masses of the atoms in a substance

34
Q

What’s the empirical formulae

A

It’s the simplest ratio of the elements in the formula

35
Q

What can you do to a formula

A

Simplify it down

36
Q

How much is one mole equal to

A

6.02x10 to the power of 23

37
Q

What’s one mole also equal to?

A

The rfm of the substance in grams

38
Q

What’s the equation for moles

A

Number of moles=mass in grams divided by the RFM

39
Q

Look at empirical formulae

A

—

40
Q

What is the total mass of reactants the same as

A

The total mass of the products

41
Q

What is the mass equation know as

A

Conservation of mass

42
Q

What’s stoichiometry

A

The ratio of substances in an equation

43
Q

What are fullerenes

A

Allotropes of carbon, that are simple molecules

44
Q

How many bonds do each carbon atom have in fullerenes

A

3

45
Q

What shape are fullerenes usually

A

Tubular or spherical

46
Q

What type of forces do fullerenes have

A

Weak intermolecular forces

47
Q

Name some properties of fullerenes

A

Low melting points, soft and slippery

48
Q

How are the molecules themselves strong in fullerenes

A

Due to strong covalent bonds

49
Q

What type of molecule is graphene

A

Not simple

50
Q

What does graphene have in terms of composition

A

A sheet of carbon atoms with no fixed formula

51
Q

What is the lightest known material

A

Graphene

52
Q

Why is graphene strong but a good conductor

A

It’s strong due to the strong covalent bonds and a good conductor due to the free electrons

53
Q

How many bonds does graphite have

A

3, so a layered structure and not all carbon atoms are bonded

54
Q

What is graphite also used as

A

A lubricant

55
Q

Why is graphite used for electrodes

A

It’s cheap and a good conductor

56
Q

How many bonds does diamond have

A

4, so there are no free binds therefore a good insulator

57
Q

What does diatomic mean

A

It has two of the same atom

Chemistry (15 decks)

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