Electron Shells and Bonding (paper 1 and 2)

Question 1

Are electrons evenly spread

Answer 1

No

Question 2

What do electrons exist in

Answer 2

Layers know as shells or energy levels

Question 3

What the arrangement of electrons in shells called

Answer 3

Electron configuration

Question 4

How many electrons can the 1st shell hold

Answer 4

2

Question 5

How many electrons can the 2nd shell hold

Answer 5

8

Question 6

How many electrons can the 3rd shell hold

Answer 6

8 electrons

Question 7

How many electrons can the 4th shell hold

Answer 7

2 but 18 in A Level

Question 8

What charged are the protons(2)

Answer 8

+ve

Question 9

What charge are electrons

Answer 9

-ve

Question 10

Name the different types of bonding

Answer 10

Ionic, metallic and covalent

Question 11

What’s ionic bonding

Answer 11

Non metal and metal

Question 12

What’s covalent bonding

Answer 12

Non metals

Question 13

What’s metallic bonding

Answer 13

Metals

Question 14

What’s the definition of bonding

Answer 14

Atoms joint in 3 different ways

Question 15

What happens when metals react

Answer 15

They lose their outer shells to leave a full electron shell

Question 16

What does ionic bonding produce

Answer 16

Charged atom with a +charge

Question 17

How are ionic lattices formed

Answer 17

Oppositely charged ions are attracted into lattices

Question 18

If an element gains an electron it has what charge?

Answer 18

Negative

Question 19

What’s the definition of an ionic bond

Answer 19

Oppositely charge ions held together by a strong electrostatic attraction

Question 20

What are some properties of an ionic substance

Answer 20

Most dissolve and they do not conduct electricity when a solid

Question 21

What is a covalent bond

Answer 21

A shared pair of electrons

Question 22

What are simple molecules held together by

Answer 22

Weak molecular forces

Question 23

What do simple molecular structures have

Answer 23

Low melting and boiling points

Question 24

What kind of atoms form giant structures

Answer 24

Carbon

Question 25

What are different arrangements of the same element called

Answer 25

Allotropes

Question 26

What is an allotrope of carbon

Answer 26

Diamond

Question 27

Does diamond conduct electricity

Answer 27

No

Question 28

What is in between the layers of graphite

Answer 28

A sea of delocalised electrons

Question 29

What do giant structures have

Answer 29

High melting and boiling points

Question 30

What are the outermost electrons on a metal free to do

Answer 30

Move

Question 31

What is the definition of metallic bonding

Answer 31

The attraction of positive metal ions to a sea of electrons

Question 32

What are metals not

Answer 32

Brittle

Question 33

What's the RFM definition

Answer 33

The sum of the masses of the atoms in a substance

Question 34

What's the empirical formulae

Answer 34

It's the simplest ratio of the elements in the formula

Question 35

What can you do to a formula

Answer 35

Simplify it down

Question 36

How much is one mole equal to

Answer 36

6.02x10 to the power of 23

Question 37

What's one mole also equal to?

Answer 37

The rfm of the substance in grams

Question 38

What's the equation for moles

Answer 38

Number of moles=mass in grams divided by the RFM

Question 39

Look at empirical formulae

Answer 39

—

Question 40

What is the total mass of reactants the same as

Answer 40

The total mass of the products

Question 41

What is the mass equation know as

Answer 41

Conservation of mass

Question 42

What's stoichiometry

Answer 42

The ratio of substances in an equation

Question 43

What are fullerenes

Answer 43

Allotropes of carbon, that are simple molecules

Question 44

How many bonds do each carbon atom have in fullerenes

Answer 44

3

Question 45

What shape are fullerenes usually

Answer 45

Tubular or spherical

Question 46

What type of forces do fullerenes have

Answer 46

Weak intermolecular forces

Question 47

Name some properties of fullerenes

Answer 47

Low melting points, soft and slippery

Question 48

How are the molecules themselves strong in fullerenes

Answer 48

Due to strong covalent bonds

Question 49

What type of molecule is graphene

Answer 49

Not simple

Question 50

What does graphene have in terms of composition

Answer 50

A sheet of carbon atoms with no fixed formula

Question 51

What is the lightest known material

Answer 51

Graphene

Question 52

Why is graphene strong but a good conductor

Answer 52

It’s strong due to the strong covalent bonds and a good conductor due to the free electrons

Question 53

How many bonds does graphite have

Answer 53

3, so a layered structure and not all carbon atoms are bonded

Question 54

What is graphite also used as

Answer 54

A lubricant

Question 55

Why is graphite used for electrodes

Answer 55

It’s cheap and a good conductor

Question 56

How many bonds does diamond have

Answer 56

4, so there are no free binds therefore a good insulator

Question 57

What does diatomic mean

Answer 57

It has two of the same atom