Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Hematology Module 2 > Quantitative WBC Abnormalities (Part 2) > Flashcards

Quantitative WBC Abnormalities (Part 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Normal WBC count

A

4.5- 11.5 x10^9/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Definition of leukocytosis

A

any WBC over 11.5 x10^9/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 general mechanisms for all types of leukocytosis

A
  1. Cells from BM (increased flow from BM)
  2. Shift of cells from Marginal Granulocyte Pool to Circulating Granulocyte Pool
  3. Decreased outflow of cells from blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

5 Physiological causes of leukocytosis

A
  1. Exercise
  2. Stress
  3. Hypoxia
  4. Labor
  5. (shift from MGP to CGP) ?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

6 Pathologic causes of leukocytosis

A
  1. disease or tissue damage
  2. Infection
  3. Toxins (drugs, chemicals)
  4. Necrosis (MI, burns, surgery)
  5. Hemorrhage
  6. Hemolysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Definition of Lukemoid Reaction

A

Excessive leukocytosis

  • WBC > 50.0 x 10^9/L WITH a left shift
  • shift to the left in myeloid series - immature cells in PB
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Two types of leukemoid reactions

A

Neutrophilic and Lymphocytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Production of bands, myelos, metas - sometimes difficult to differentiate from chronic myelogenous leukemia and occurs with infections, hemolysis, and burns

A

Neutrophilic leukemoid reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Produces lymphs- maybe be hard to distinguish from Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and these reactions can occur in Pertussis, mononucleosis, and viral infeactions

A

Lymphocytic leukemoid reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

CML v.s. Leukemoid reaction

- increase in what cells

A

CML: increases in all granulocytes including eos and basos
Leukemoid: Increase in granulocytes BUT it is uncommon for increases in eos and basos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CML v.s. Leukemoid reaction

- Dyspoietic morphology (mixed granulation)

A

CML: Dyspoietic morphology
Leuk: No dyspoietic morphology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CML v.s. Leukemoid reaction

- platelets

A

CML: Giant and hypo granular platelets
Leuk: Normal platelet morphology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define Leukoeythroblastosis

A

Presence of both immature neutrophils and nucleated RBCs in the peripheral blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cause of Leukoeythroblastosis

A

Caused by a space occupying lesion in the bone marrow

fibrosis, metastatic tumor, lymphoma, leukemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define Leukopenia

A

less than 4.5 x10^9/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mechanisms of leukopenia

A
  1. Decreased flow of cells from bone marrow
  2. Shift from CGP to MGP
  3. Increased outflow from blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Causes of leukopenia

A
  1. Viral infections
  2. Drugs (some antibiotics, chemotherapy)
  3. Radiation
  4. Hematologic disorders (pernicious anemia, aplastic anemia, myelodysplatic syndromes- MDS)
18
Q

What is a relative value?

A

% of cell type in specified volume

19
Q

What is an absolute value?

A

of cell type in specified volume

20
Q

Calculation for the Absolute Value

A

Absolute= total WBC x % cell type

add up segs and bands for neutrophil count

21
Q

Definition of Neutrohilia

A

Increase in Neutrohils; greater than 8.1 x 10^9/L

22
Q

Neutrophilia may be caused by: (4)

A
  1. Physiologic: stress,exercise, pregnancy
  2. Acute Infection, usually bacterial
  3. Chonic Inflammation - gout, rheumatoid, arthritis, burns
  4. Steroids - cause demarginalization and inhibit neutrophil apoptosis
23
Q

Definition of Neutropenia

A

Decrease in neutrophils; less than 2.3 x 10^9

24
Q

Neutropenia mechanisms (3)

A
  1. Decreased BM production
  2. Shift from CGP to MGP
  3. Increase in rate of outflow of neuts from blood
25
Q

Neutropenia severity

  • Severe with increased risk of infection
  • Increased risk of auto-infection
  • Very serious risk, reverse isolation and/or prophylactic antibiotics
A
  • less than 1.5 x 10^9/L
  • less than 1.0 x 10^9/L
  • less than 0.5 x 10^9/L
26
Q

Eosinophilia Definition

A

Increase in Eosinophils above 0.6 x 10^9/L

27
Q

Eosinophilia may be caused by: (5)

A
  1. Allergic responses
  2. Skin Disorders
  3. Parasitic infections, especially helminths (worms)
  4. Infectious disease
  5. Hematologic disorders
28
Q

Definition of Eosinopenia

A

A decrease in eosinophils is usually not significant and is difficult to measure

29
Q

Eosinopenia is caused by: (3)

A
  1. Stress
  2. Bacterial and viral infections
  3. Steroids
30
Q

Definition of Basophilia

A

Increase in basophils above 0.2 x10^9/L

31
Q

Cause of basophilia (3)

A
  1. Allergies
  2. Hypothyroidism
  3. Myeloproliferative Neopalsm (NPM)
32
Q

Definition of Basopenia

A

A decrease in basophils is difficult to measure and is not significant

33
Q

Basopenia is caused by: (3)

A
  1. Hyperthyroidism
  2. Stress
  3. Infection
34
Q

Monocytosis definition

A

Increase in monocytes above 1.3 x 10^9/L

35
Q

Monocytosis is caused by (3)

A
  1. Hematologic disorders (MDS, AMML, CMML, AMoL)
  2. Connective tissue disorders
  3. Infections
    - Recoverry from acute infection is a good prognosis
36
Q

Definition of Monocytopenia

A

Decrease in monocytes below 0.1 x 10^9/L

37
Q

Causes of monocytopenia 2

A
  1. Hairy cell Leukemia

2. Counts fall transiently after administration of prednisone

38
Q

Definition of Lymphocytosis

A

Lymphocytosis depends upon age
Adults: >4.8
Children: >11.1

39
Q

Causes of lymphocytosis (3)

A
  1. Infectious Mononucleosis (EBV most common)
  2. Infectious lymphocytosis
  3. Bordetella pertussis - children
40
Q

Definition of Lymphocytopenia / Lymphopenia

A

Adults < 0.8

Children < 1.5

41
Q

Lymphocytopenia is caused by

A
  1. Immunologic disorders - SCID, DiGeorge Syndrome
  2. Chemotherapy, Radiation
  3. Immunosuppressive agents - steroids

Hematology Module 2 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions