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Hematology Module 2 > Leukocyte Development, Kinetics, & Function > Flashcards

Leukocyte Development, Kinetics, & Function Flashcards

0
Q

3 forms of cell production

A

Erythropoiesis, Leukopoiesis, and Megakaryopoiesis

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1
Q

A bacterial infection will most likely cause a dramatic increase in which cell line?

A

Neutrophils

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2
Q

2 forms of leukopoiesis

A

Myelopoiesis and lymphopoiesis

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3
Q

Where does hematopoiesis occur?

A

Bone Marrow

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4
Q

this theory suggests that all blood cells are derived from a single progenitor stem cell

A

Monophyletic Theory

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5
Q

Growth factors and ______ are terms that can be used interchangeably

A

cytokines

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6
Q

these are a group of soluble proteins that modulate the functional activites of other cells; responsible for stimulation or inhibition of RBC maturation

A

cytokines

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7
Q

an essential cytokine in the early stages of hematopoiesis because stimulates cell proliferation

A

C-Kit; aka Stem Cell Factor

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8
Q

what does GM-csf stand for?

A

Granulocyte Macrophage

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9
Q

What does Meg-csf stand for?

A

Megakaryocyte

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10
Q

what does G-csf stand for?

A

Granulocyte

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11
Q

What does M-csf stand for?

A

Monocyte

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12
Q

How can colony stimulating factors be used in patient care?

A

To start production of different cell lines

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13
Q

Cytokines that exhibit multiple biologic activities including regulation of autoimmune and infammatory reactions and hematopoiesis

A

Interleukins

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14
Q

2 examples of interleukins

A

IL-3 and IL-6

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15
Q

Interleukin that controls production, differentiation, and function of granulocytes and macrophages

A

IL-3

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16
Q

Interleukin that stimulates myeloid and lymphoid cell linneages

A

IL-6

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17
Q

programmed cell death

A

apoptosis

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18
Q

accidental cell death

A

necrosis

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19
Q

as cell matures what two things happen?

A

Decrease in cell size and decrease in N:C ratio

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20
Q

What specific changes occur in the nucleus during cell maturation?

A

loss of nucleoli, decrease in size, condensation of chromatin, possible shape changes, possible nucleus ejections

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21
Q

What specific changes occur in the cytoplasm during cell maturation?

A

Decrease in basophilia, increase in amount of cytoplasm, and granules may appear

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22
Q

This cell has a nucleus with 2-5 nucleoli, moderate basophilia with less than 5 granules, and is not present in peripheral blood; these cells are increased in leukemia

A

Myeloblast

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23
Q

These cells have a round to oval nucleus with 1-3 or more nucleoli, slightly coarser chromatin than myeloblast, basophilic cytoplasm with few red to purple primary granules and no secondary granules; these are not present in peripheral blood under normal conditions

A

Promyelocyte

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24
Q

Primary granules are composed of ________

A

Myeloperoxidase

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25
Q

Secondary granules are composed of _______

A

LAP

26
Q

These cells have a round to oval nucleus that may have one flattened side, nucleoli not ususally visible, coarse chromatin, and is more condensed that promyelo; the cytoplasm is slightly basophilic but starting to turn pink due to granules; these are not present in peripheral blood under normal conditions

A

Myelocyte

27
Q

This cell has an indented nucleus, nucleoli are not visible, and chromatin is coarse and clumped; cytoplasm is pink; not found in peripheral blood under normal conditions

A

Metamyelocyte

28
Q

this cell has a band shaped nucleus which is constricted but no threadlike filament; cytoplasm is pink; and ______% are found in peripheral blood

A

Band; 0-6%

29
Q

This cell’s nucleus has 2-5 lobes connected by thin filaments and is found in the peripheral blood as _______%

A

Seg; 50-70%

30
Q

Two Pools in the bone marrow

A

Proliferation (mitotic) pool and maturation (storage) pool

31
Q

a left shift causes cells to be pushed out of the _______ pool 1st

A

maturation

32
Q

_______ stimulates neutrophils in the BM to enter the peripheral blood

A

G-csf

33
Q

loosely attached to the endothelial lining of small capillaries or sequestered in the spleen or liver

A

Marginal pool

34
Q

collected in venipuncture in the peripheral blood; neutrophils are split equally between the marginal and this pool

A

circulating

35
Q

neutophils that have migrated into tissues from the peripheral blood in response to infection or inflammation

A

Tissue pool

36
Q

part of the innate immune system, no memory against rexposure; MAJOR FUNC: Phagocytosis of bacteria

A

Neutrophils

37
Q

neutrophil recruitment to the inflammatory site

A

chemotaxis

38
Q

5 steps of the leukocyte adhesion cascade

A

1 capture 2 rolling 3 slow rolling 4 firm adhesion 5 transmigration

39
Q

in this step chemoattractant activates endothelial cells; draws leukocytes to a position closer to the endothelium of the blood vessel

A

Capture

40
Q

in this step the WBC’s transiently adhere to the endothelilum and begin to roll

A

Rolling

41
Q

cell adhesion molecule; expressed on the surface of activated endothelial cells

A

P-selectin

42
Q

this step requires expression of E-selectin on endothelium and CD18 integrin in lipid bilayer of WBC

A

Slow Rolling

43
Q

receptors that mediate attachment between a cell and the tissue

A

integrins

44
Q

process where adhered WBC escapes from the interior of the blood vessel through the endothelium

A

transmigration

45
Q

half life of neutrophils in the blood is ______ hours bfore they are removed by the RES

A

6-8

46
Q

Eosinophil maturation mirrors ________ maturation stages

A

neutrophil

47
Q

antigen presenting cells; regulate immune response by controlling mast cell function; increased in parasitic infections; allergic disorders such as asthma and food allergies

A

Eosinophils

48
Q

believed to share a common progenitor cell with eosinophils derived from the CMP; usually only divided in two phases, mature and immature

A

Basophils

49
Q

these cells mature in the tissues and are NOT leukocytes; similar to basophils but bigger

A

Mast cells

50
Q

What is the main difference between basophils and mast cells if they BOTH originate in the bone marrow and BOTH are major players in allergic inflammation?

A

Basos mature in the bone marrow and mast cells mature in the tissue

51
Q

share a GMP with neutrophils; originate in the bone marrow; storage pool is in the spleen but like neutrophils they have a circulating and marginal pool

A

Monocyte

52
Q

3 stages of monocytes

A

Monoblasts (indistinguishable from myelos), promonocytes, and monocytes

53
Q

Functions of monocyte/macrophage

A

innate immunity (phagocytosis), adaptive immunity (Ag presenting to T and B cells), and housekeeping (remove debris, storage pool of iron for erythropoiesis)

54
Q

The storage pool of iron for erythropoiesis or the erythroblastic island are also known as what?

A

nurse cells of sideroblasts

55
Q

What 2 types of immunity do lymphs provide?

A

Innate and Adaptive immunity

56
Q

these do not need to be presented with antigen and are part of the innate immunity of lymps

A

natural killer cells

57
Q

These cells are presented with an antigen and have to respond; one provides cellular immunity and one provides humoral immunity

A

cellular=T Cells / humoral=B cells

58
Q

B cells develop in the bone marrow and have what 3 stages?

A

Pro-B, Pre-B, and Immature B

59
Q

What is the primary function of B cells?

A

Antibody production (and can play a role in antigen presentation to T cells)

60
Q

After immature B cells leave the BM and travel to lymph nodes they are presented with antigen and either become memory B-cells or effector B cells, also known as what?

A

Plasma cells

61
Q

These develop in the thymus and regulate immune response

A

T cells

62
Q

What are the 3 stages of maturation for T cells?

A

Pro-T, Pre-T, and Immature T cell

63
Q

These develop in the thymus and bone marrow; their PRIMARY function is killing tumor cells and virus-infected cells without prior sensitization because they are a part of the innate immune system

A

Natural Killer Cells

Hematology Module 2 (14 decks)

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