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Hematology Module 2 > Quantitative WBC Abnormalities (Part 1) > Flashcards

Quantitative WBC Abnormalities (Part 1) Flashcards

0
Q

What is the composition of a neutrophils secondary granule?

A

Leukocyte Alkaline

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1
Q

When do primary granules appear?

A

Promyelocyte

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2
Q

These things describe what cell?

  • dawn of neutrophilia (2’ Granules)
  • flattend side of the nucleus
  • perinuclear clearing (Hoff area)
A

myelocyte

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3
Q

Dark blue/purple cytoplasmic granules in metamyelocytes, bands, or neutrophils; primary cause is infection

A

Toxic Granulation

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4
Q

Decreased sideroblasts (RBC precursors with iron) are present in patients with what form of anemia?

A

ACD

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5
Q

________ granules that are peroxidase positive are present in toxic granulation

A

primary

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6
Q

CRP and Toxic granulation are considered a marker of _________

A

inflammation

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7
Q

small oval, pale blue inclusions in the peripheral cytoplasm of bands and segs; pushed to the edge; may be in single or in multiples

A

Doehle Bodies

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8
Q

The DOehle Body is made of ______

A

RNA

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9
Q

Doehle body primary cause.

A

Infection (can also be burns, trauma, pregnancy, etc)

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10
Q

absent or decreased number of granules in neutrophils that can be caused naturally

A

hypogranulation/agranulation

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11
Q

this is caused by fusion of cytoplasmic granules with phagosome (infection); a toxic change

A

Hypogranulation/Agranulation

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12
Q

primary cause linked to chromosomal abnormalities in hypogranulation/agranulation

A

Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)

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13
Q

toxic change in the cytoplasm of neutrophils; primarily caused septicemia and bacterial infections; other important causes include prolonged exposure to EDTA and acute alcoholism

A

Vacuolization/vacuolation

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14
Q

what are the 3 comrades often seen together in infections?

A

Vacuoles, toxic granulation, and Doehle Bodies

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15
Q

red staining rods or bodies found in the cytoplasm of malignant immature myeloid cells; found in Faggot cells; bundle of sticks

A

Auer Rods

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16
Q

Auer rods are composed of fused ________ granules

A

Primary

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17
Q

What is the primary cause of Auer Rods?

A

Acute myeloid Leukemia (AML)

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18
Q

inclusions in neutrophils that are morphologically indistinguishable from Doehle bodies; rare autosomal dominant trait

A

May-Hegglin Anomaly

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19
Q

May-Hegglin Anomaly are composed of _______

A

RNA

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20
Q

these are associated with thrombocytopenia and giant platelets

A

may-hegglin anomaly

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21
Q

prominant azurphilic granules, resembles toxic granulation; the granules are fromed by the accumulation of partially degraded mucopolysaccharides in lysosomes

A

Alder-Reilly Anomaly

22
Q

Alder-Reilly Anomaly is autosomal _________

A

recessive

23
Q

lysosomal organelles affected; large azurophilic granules; red granules predominant in LYMPHOCYTES; grey/blue seen in neutrophils; causes impaired chemotaxis and defective granulation and abnormal membranes of abnormal lysosomes

A

Chediak-Higashi Anomaly

24
Q

Chediak-Higashi Anomaly is rare and autosomal ________

A

recessive

25
Q

anomaly caused by failure of segmentation of granulocyte nuclei; band form with two lobes, dumbbell, bikini top, peanut

A

Pelger-Huet Anomaly

26
Q

Pelger-Huet Anomaly is autosomal _________; and >______ of neutrophils are affected

A

dominant; 80%

27
Q

Is heterozygous or homozygous more common in Pelger-Huet Anomaly?

A

Heterozygous

28
Q

in acquired Pelger-Huet, when less than 50% of neutrophils are affected the most common disease is ________ ________

A

myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)

29
Q

greater than 5 lobes in a poly or > or equal to 6 polys with 5 lobes

A

Hyperseg

30
Q

three different disorders demonstrating hypersegs

A

Autosomal dominant (no known clinical abnormalities), aquired (megaloblastic anemia with Vit B12 or folate deficiency), autosomal dominant (myelokathexis-with neutropenia and pyknotic/dying cells)

31
Q

in this cell the cytoplasm is basophilic and can be indented by RBCs/ballerina skirt; chromatin is less clumped than normal lymph; normal changes in response to antigenic stimulus

A

reactive lymphs

32
Q

Most common viral infections that lead to reactive lymphs

A

Infectious mononucleosis, EBV, and CMV

33
Q

Can confirm mono vs CMV with what test?

A

Monospot test

34
Q

Infectious mononucleosis primarily infects what kind of cells?

A

B cells

35
Q

Common age group affected by mono?

A

age 17-25

36
Q

2 complications of infectious mono

A

cold agglutinins and hemolytic anemia

37
Q

are granules more common in reactive or normal lymphs?

A

in reactive lymphs

38
Q

nuclear remnant of lymphocyte; no discernable cytoplasm; also known as a basket cell

A

Smudge cells

39
Q

What disease is most commonly seen with smudge cells?

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

40
Q

If more than _____% smudge cells are present, what do you do?

A

10%; remake smear using 1 drop of albumin and 10 drops of blood

41
Q

After remaking smudge cell slide with albumin how do you report it?

A

Differential is reported from the albumin smear but everything else is reported from the original smear (because you are diluting by 10% when you add ALB); occasional=10% or more than 5 remake this slide

42
Q

degeneration of a cell; may be seen in any nucleated cell as a result of aging and degeneration; nuclear chromatin condenses to a solid or structure-less mass

A

pyknosis/necrosis

43
Q

how do you report reactive lymps?

A

count reactive and non-reactive lymphs on separate keys and report % of each; for absolute lymph count, use the TOTAL percentage

44
Q

How do you report Pelger-Huet?

A

Count as polys and make notation that PH-like cells are present

45
Q

How are Toxic granulation, Dohle bodies, hypersegs, hypo- or agranulation, and Auer rods reported?

A

reported as present

46
Q

smudge cells and megakaryocytes are not reported in the 100 cell diff but are included in the _____ _______

A

WBC Estimate

47
Q

Fungus that is prevalent in Ohio and Mississippi River valleys; seen in the cytoplasm of leukocytes

A

histoplasma capsulatum

48
Q

obligate intracellular gram negative bacteria creates a morulae; usually Zoonotic, but it has been transferred to humans by ticks

A

anaplasma phagocytophilum

49
Q

filarial nematode that is most common in AFRICA and India

A

Loa Loa

50
Q

protozoan parasite that is the cause of MALARIA; presents in peripheral blood as rings and as crescent shaped gametocytes

A

Plasmodium falciparum

51
Q

protozoan blood parasite that appears similar to malaria on a blood smear but crescent gametocytes are absent

A

Babesia (Babesiosis)

52
Q

linked to African sleeping sickness

A

Trypanosoma gambiense

Hematology Module 2 (14 decks)

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