Quantitative WBC Abnormalities (Part 1) Flashcards
What is the composition of a neutrophils secondary granule?
Leukocyte Alkaline
When do primary granules appear?
Promyelocyte
These things describe what cell?
- dawn of neutrophilia (2’ Granules)
- flattend side of the nucleus
- perinuclear clearing (Hoff area)
myelocyte
Dark blue/purple cytoplasmic granules in metamyelocytes, bands, or neutrophils; primary cause is infection
Toxic Granulation
Decreased sideroblasts (RBC precursors with iron) are present in patients with what form of anemia?
ACD
________ granules that are peroxidase positive are present in toxic granulation
primary
CRP and Toxic granulation are considered a marker of _________
inflammation
small oval, pale blue inclusions in the peripheral cytoplasm of bands and segs; pushed to the edge; may be in single or in multiples
Doehle Bodies
The DOehle Body is made of ______
RNA
Doehle body primary cause.
Infection (can also be burns, trauma, pregnancy, etc)
absent or decreased number of granules in neutrophils that can be caused naturally
hypogranulation/agranulation
this is caused by fusion of cytoplasmic granules with phagosome (infection); a toxic change
Hypogranulation/Agranulation
primary cause linked to chromosomal abnormalities in hypogranulation/agranulation
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)
toxic change in the cytoplasm of neutrophils; primarily caused septicemia and bacterial infections; other important causes include prolonged exposure to EDTA and acute alcoholism
Vacuolization/vacuolation
what are the 3 comrades often seen together in infections?
Vacuoles, toxic granulation, and Doehle Bodies
red staining rods or bodies found in the cytoplasm of malignant immature myeloid cells; found in Faggot cells; bundle of sticks
Auer Rods
Auer rods are composed of fused ________ granules
Primary
What is the primary cause of Auer Rods?
Acute myeloid Leukemia (AML)
inclusions in neutrophils that are morphologically indistinguishable from Doehle bodies; rare autosomal dominant trait
May-Hegglin Anomaly
May-Hegglin Anomaly are composed of _______
RNA
these are associated with thrombocytopenia and giant platelets
may-hegglin anomaly
prominant azurphilic granules, resembles toxic granulation; the granules are fromed by the accumulation of partially degraded mucopolysaccharides in lysosomes
Alder-Reilly Anomaly
Alder-Reilly Anomaly is autosomal _________
recessive
lysosomal organelles affected; large azurophilic granules; red granules predominant in LYMPHOCYTES; grey/blue seen in neutrophils; causes impaired chemotaxis and defective granulation and abnormal membranes of abnormal lysosomes
Chediak-Higashi Anomaly
Chediak-Higashi Anomaly is rare and autosomal ________
recessive
anomaly caused by failure of segmentation of granulocyte nuclei; band form with two lobes, dumbbell, bikini top, peanut
Pelger-Huet Anomaly
Pelger-Huet Anomaly is autosomal _________; and >______ of neutrophils are affected
dominant; 80%
Is heterozygous or homozygous more common in Pelger-Huet Anomaly?
Heterozygous
in acquired Pelger-Huet, when less than 50% of neutrophils are affected the most common disease is ________ ________
myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)
greater than 5 lobes in a poly or > or equal to 6 polys with 5 lobes
Hyperseg
three different disorders demonstrating hypersegs
Autosomal dominant (no known clinical abnormalities), aquired (megaloblastic anemia with Vit B12 or folate deficiency), autosomal dominant (myelokathexis-with neutropenia and pyknotic/dying cells)
in this cell the cytoplasm is basophilic and can be indented by RBCs/ballerina skirt; chromatin is less clumped than normal lymph; normal changes in response to antigenic stimulus
reactive lymphs
Most common viral infections that lead to reactive lymphs
Infectious mononucleosis, EBV, and CMV
Can confirm mono vs CMV with what test?
Monospot test
Infectious mononucleosis primarily infects what kind of cells?
B cells
Common age group affected by mono?
age 17-25
2 complications of infectious mono
cold agglutinins and hemolytic anemia
are granules more common in reactive or normal lymphs?
in reactive lymphs
nuclear remnant of lymphocyte; no discernable cytoplasm; also known as a basket cell
Smudge cells
What disease is most commonly seen with smudge cells?
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
If more than _____% smudge cells are present, what do you do?
10%; remake smear using 1 drop of albumin and 10 drops of blood
After remaking smudge cell slide with albumin how do you report it?
Differential is reported from the albumin smear but everything else is reported from the original smear (because you are diluting by 10% when you add ALB); occasional=10% or more than 5 remake this slide
degeneration of a cell; may be seen in any nucleated cell as a result of aging and degeneration; nuclear chromatin condenses to a solid or structure-less mass
pyknosis/necrosis
how do you report reactive lymps?
count reactive and non-reactive lymphs on separate keys and report % of each; for absolute lymph count, use the TOTAL percentage
How do you report Pelger-Huet?
Count as polys and make notation that PH-like cells are present
How are Toxic granulation, Dohle bodies, hypersegs, hypo- or agranulation, and Auer rods reported?
reported as present
smudge cells and megakaryocytes are not reported in the 100 cell diff but are included in the _____ _______
WBC Estimate
Fungus that is prevalent in Ohio and Mississippi River valleys; seen in the cytoplasm of leukocytes
histoplasma capsulatum
obligate intracellular gram negative bacteria creates a morulae; usually Zoonotic, but it has been transferred to humans by ticks
anaplasma phagocytophilum
filarial nematode that is most common in AFRICA and India
Loa Loa
protozoan parasite that is the cause of MALARIA; presents in peripheral blood as rings and as crescent shaped gametocytes
Plasmodium falciparum
protozoan blood parasite that appears similar to malaria on a blood smear but crescent gametocytes are absent
Babesia (Babesiosis)
linked to African sleeping sickness
Trypanosoma gambiense
