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pmpselfstudy > Quality Mgmt > Flashcards

Quality Mgmt Flashcards

1
Q

What is the process of quality mgmt?

A

Plan quality

Peform quality assurance

Perform quality control

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2
Q

What are key outputs of Plan Quality process?

A

Quality Mgmt Plan

Quality Metrics

Quality Checklists

Process Improvement Plan

Projet Document Updates

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3
Q

What are key outputs of Perform Quality Assurance process?

A

Change requests

Updates to the project mgmt plan and project documents

Organizational process assets updates

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4
Q

What are key outputs of the Perform Quality Control process?

A

Quality control measurements

Validated changes

Validated deliverables

Change requests

Updates to the project mgmt plan and project documents

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5
Q

What is the definition of quality?

A

The degree to which the project fulfills requirements

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6
Q

What does gold plating mean?

A

Adding extra items and services that do not necessarily contribute added value or quality to customer deliverables

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7
Q

What is marginal analysis?

A

An analysis to determine when optimal quality is reached

An analysis to determine the point where incremental revenue from improvement equals the incremental cost to secure it

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8
Q

What is a process improvement plan?

A

A plan for analyzing processes used on the project to decrease defects, save time and money, and increase customer satisfacton

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9
Q

What are quality metrics?

A

Specific measures of quality to be used on the project in the Perform Quality Assurance and Perform Quality Control processes

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10
Q

What does continuous improvement mean?

A

The ongoing enhancement of a product or service through small, continouos imprvements in quality

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11
Q

How much inventory is maintained in a just in time environment?

How does this affect attention to quality?

A

Little inventory is maintained

It forces attention to quality

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12
Q

What does ISO 9000 stand for?

A

One of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) international quality standards that asks, “Do you have a quality standard, and are you following it?

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13
Q

What is the definition of total quality management, TQM?

A

A comprehensive mgmt philosophy that encourages finding ways to continouosly improve the quality of business practices, products, or services

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14
Q

What does the prhase prevention over inspection mean?

A

The cost of avoiding or prevenint mistakes is much less than the cost of correcting them

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15
Q

What does mutually exclusive mean?

A

Two events that cannot occur in a single trial

For example, you can’t get a 5 and a 6 on a single roll of a die

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16
Q

What does statistical independence mean?

A

The probability of event “B” occuring does not depend on event “A” occuring

For example, the outcome of a second roll of a die is not influenced by the outcome of the first role.

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17
Q

What is a normal distribution curve?

A

A symmetric bell-shaped frequency distribution curve

The most common probility distribution

18
Q

What do 3 sigma and 6 sigma mean?

A

These are often used as a quality standards

3 Sigma: +/- 3 standard deviations from the distribution mean under which 99.73% of all items are acceptable

6 Sigma: +/- 6 standard deviations from the mean under which 99.9999998% of all items are acceptable

19
Q

What is the difference between a population and a sample?

A

Population: The total number of individual members, items, or elements comprising a uniquely defined group (e.g. all women)

Sample: A subset of population members (e.g. women randomly chosen to represent the population)

20
Q

Who has responsibility for quality on a project?

A

The project manager is ulitmately responsible, but the team members must inspect their own work

21
Q

What are the impacts of poor quality?

A

Increased costs

Low morale

Low customer satisfaction

Increased risk

Rework

Schedule delays

22
Q

What are examples of costs of conformance and costs of nonconformance?

Which costs should be greater?

What are costs of nonconformance associated with?

A

Cost of conformance:

  • Quality Training
  • Studies
  • Surveys

Costs of nonconformance

  • Rework
  • Scrap
  • Inventory costs
  • Warranty costs

The costs of conformance should be less than costs of nonconformance.

Costs of nonconformance are associated with poor quality

23
Q

Name key tools and techniques used in the Plan Quality process

A

Cost benefit analysis

Cost of quality

Control charts

Benchmarking

Design of experiments

Statistical sampling

Flowcharting

24
Q

Define benchmarking

A

Comparing your project to other projects to get ideas for improvement and to measure quality performance

25
Q

Define Cost Benefit Analysis

A

Comparing the costs of an effort to the benfits of the effort

26
Q

What is design of experiments?

A

A statistical method for changing important variables to determine what combination will improve overall quality

27
Q

What are some of the tools and techniques used in the Perform Quality Assurance process

A

Process analysis

Quality audits

Plan Quality and Perform Quality Control tools and techniques

28
Q

What are quality audits?

A

Structured reviews of quality activities

These audits often result in lessons learned for the organization

29
Q

Name the 7 basic tools of quality

A
  • Cause and effect diagram
  • Flow chart
  • Histogram
  • Pareto chart
  • Run Chart
  • Scatter diagram
  • Control Chart
30
Q

What is defect repair?

A

Rework required when a component of the project does not meet specifications

31
Q

What is a cause and effect diagram?

A

An illustration that helps determine the possible causes of a problem

It is also called a fishbone or Ishikawa diagram

32
Q

What is a quality checklist?

A

A list of items to inspect, a list of steps to perform, or a picture of an item with space to note any defects found during inpection

33
Q

What is a pareto chart?

A

A histogram that arranges the results from most frequent to least frequent to help identify which root causes are resulting in the most problems

34
Q

What is the 80/20 principle

A

80% of problems are caused by 20% of root causes

35
Q

What is statistical sampling?

A

Inspecting by choosing only a part of a population (a sample) to test

36
Q

What is a control chart?

A

A specialized trend chart documenting whether a measured process is in or out of statistical control

37
Q

What are control limts?

A

The acceptable range of variation on a control chart

38
Q

What are the specification limits on a control chart?

A

The customer’s definition of acceptable product/service characteristics and tolerances

39
Q

What does out of control mean?

A

The lack of consistency and predictability in the process, due to the existence of assignable causes

40
Q

What idoes the rule of seven mean?

A

7 consecutive data points appearing on a control chart on one side of the mean, suggesting that the process is out of statistical control

41
Q

What is special cause variation?

A

A data point on a control chart or rule of 7 indicating that the measured process is out of statistucal control and the cause of the event must be investigated

pmpselfstudy (13 decks)

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