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Quality Management Flashcards

1
Q

What is the process of quality management?

A

Plan Quality Management

Perform Quality Assurance

Control Quality

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2
Q

What are the key output of the Plan Quality

Management Process?

A

Quality Management Plan

Quality metrics

Quality Checklists

Process improvement plan

Updates to project documents

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3
Q

What are the key outputs of the Perform

Quality Assurance process?

A

Change requests

Updates to standards, processes, and quality
systems (organizational process assets)

Updates to project management plan
and project documents

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4
Q

What are the key output of the Control Quality

process?

A

Quality control measurements

Validated changes

Work performance information

Updates to project management plan
and project documents

Change requests

Lesson learned (part of updates to organizational 
process assets)

Verified deliverables

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5
Q

What is the definition of quality?

A

The degree to which the project fulfils requirements

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6
Q

How does quality differs from grade?

A

Whereas quality is the degree to which requirements are
fulfilled, grade refers to a general category or classification for a deliverable or resource that indicates
common function, but varying technical specifications.

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7
Q

What does gold plating mean?

A

Adding extra items and services to
customer deliverables that do not necessarily contribute
added value or quality

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8
Q

What is marginal analysis?

A

An analysis to determine when optimal quality is reached - to determine the point where incremental benefits or
revenue from improving quality equals the incremental cost to secure it

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9
Q

What is a process improvement plan?

A

A plan for analyzing the processes used on the project to

improve them, looking for ways to decrease defects, save time and money, and increase customer satisfaction

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10
Q

What are quality metrics?

A

Specific measures of quality to be used on the project in the Perform Quality Assurance and Control Quality

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11
Q

What does continuous improvement mean?

A

The ongoing enhancement of a product or service through small, continuous improvement in quality

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12
Q

How much inventory is maintained in a just in time (JIT) environment?

How does this affect attention to quality?

A

Little inventory is maintained

It forces attention to quality

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13
Q

What does ISO 9000 stand for?

A

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
quality standards that helps organizations ensure
that they have quality procedures and are following them

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14
Q

What is the definition of total quality management, or TQM?

A

A comprehensive management philosophy that encourage companies to find ways to continuously improve the quality of business practises, products, and
services at every level of the organization

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15
Q

Why is “prevention over inspection” important?

A

Because the cost of avoiding or preventing mistakes is much less than the cost of correcting them

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16
Q

What does mutual exclusivity mean?

A

two events are said to be mutually exclusive if they cannot both occur in a single trial (for example, you can’t get both a 5 and 6 on a single roll of a die)

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17
Q

What is statistical independences?

A

The probability of event “B” occuring
does not depend on event “A” occuring (for example, the outcome of a second roll of die is dependent on the outcome of the first roll)

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18
Q

What is a normal distribution curve?

A

A symmetric bell-shaped frequency distribution curve
used to measure variation

This is the most common probability distribution

19
Q

What does sigma signify in a process?

What’s another name for sigma?

A

How much variance from the mean has been established
as permissible in a process

Standard deviation

20
Q

What do 3 sigma and 6 sigma refer to?

A

These are commonly used as quality standards

3 sigma: +/- 3 standard deviations from the mean
6 sigma: +/- 6 standard deviations from the mean

6 sigma is a higher quality standard than 3 sigma

21
Q

What is the difference between a population and a sample?

A

Population: The total number of individual members, items, or elements comprising a unique defined group
(e.g., all women)

Sample: A statistically valid subset of population members (e.g.: women randomly chosen to represent the population)

22
Q

Who has responsibility for quality on a project?

A

Although team members must inspect their own work,the project manager has the ultimate responsibility for quality

23
Q

What are the impacts of poor quality?

A

Increased costs

Decreased profits

Low morale

Low customer satisfaction

Increased risk

Rework

Schedule delays

24
Q

What are examples of costs of conformance and costs

of nonconformance?

A 
Cost of conformance:
-Quality training
-Studies
-Surveys
-Efforts to ensure everyone knows the processes to use
to complete their work

Cost of nonconformance:

  • Rework
  • Scrap
  • Inventory costs
  • Warranty costs
  • Lost business
25
Q

What are costs of nonconformance associated with?

Which should be greater, the costs of conformance or nonconformance?

A

Cost of nonconformance are associated with poor quality

The costs of conformance should be less than the costs of nonconformance

26
Q

What are the seven basic quality tools (7QC)?

A

Cause and effect diagram

Flowchart

Checksheet

Pareto diagram

Histogram

Control chart

Scatter diagram

27
Q

What is a quality checklist?

A

A list of item to inspect, a list of steps to perform, or a picture of an item to be inspected, with space to note any defects found

28
Q

How does a checksheet differ from a quality checklist?

A

Although a checksheet is a type of checklist, its primary purpose is to gather data

The quality checklist is intented to help verify a required
action has taken place or item has been included

29
Q

What is a cause and effect diagram?

A

A graphical tool that helps determine the possible root
causes of a problem

It is also called a fishbone or Ishikawa diagram

30
Q

What does a flowchart show?

A

How a process or system flows from beginning to end, how the elements interrelate, alternative paths the process can take, and how the process translates inputs into ouptuts.

31
Q

What is a Pareto chart?

A

A histogram that arrange the results from most frequent to least frequent to help identify which root causes are resulting in the most problem

32
Q

What does a scatter diagram show?

A

The relationship between two variables

33
Q

What is a control chart?

A

A specialized trend chart that document whether

34
Q

What are controls limits?

A

The acceptable range of variations on a control chart

35
Q

What are the specification limits on a control chart?

A

The customer’s definition of acceptable product/service

characteristics and tolerances

36
Q

How does we define a process as statistically out of control?

What does out of control mean?

A

A data point falls outside the upper or lower control limit, or there are nonrandom data points

There is a lack of consistency and predictability in the process

37
Q

What is the rule of seven?

What does it signify?

A

Seven consecutive data points appearing on a control
chart on one side of the mean

The process is out of statistical control

38
Q

What is an assignable cause/special cause variation?

A

A data point (or set of data points) on a control chart
indicates that the measured process is out of statistical
control and that the cause(s) of the event must be investigated

39
Q

Define benchmarking.

A

Comparing your project to other projects to get ideas
for improvement and to provide a benchmark for
measuring quality performance

40
Q

What is design of experiments?

A

A statistical method that allows you to experimentally change all of the important variables in a process to determine what combination will optimize overall quality

41
Q

Wha is statistical sampling?

A

Inspecting by testing only part of a population ( a statistically valid sample)

42
Q

Define cost-benefit analysis?

A

Comparing the costs of an effort to the benefit of that effort

43
Q

What are some of the tools and techniques used in Perform Quality Assurance process?

A

Plan Quality Management and Control Quality tools and techniques

Process analysis

Quality audits

Affinity diagrams

Tree diagrams

Process decision program charts

Interrelationship digraphs

Matrix diagrams

Prioritization matrices

Activity network diagrams

44
Q

What are quality audits?

A

Structured review of quality policies,practises, and procedures to ensure they are efficient and effective

These audits often result in lessons learned for the organization

Hot Topics (13 decks)

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