qualitative- discourse analysis Flashcards
What paradigm does it belong to?
social constructionist
What is Discourse?
Discourse refers to any form of talk or text (and any forms of meaningful interaction between people, such as bodily movements or visual signs) (Remember the rainbow, or the colour pink, both discourse)
2 types of discourse analysis
- discursive psycology
2. Foucauldian Discourse Analysis
Discursive Psychology
- Inspired by conversation analysis
- Interested in how speakers respond to each other
- Emphasizes the performative qualities of discourse
- Interested in negotiation of meaning in interpersonal interaction in every day contexts
- Speaker active agent
(immediate context)
Foucauldian Discourse Analysis
- concerned with the broader discursive resources available to people
- the ways in which discourses construct subjectivity, selfhood and power
- speaker constrained by available subject positions
(broader social context)
About Foucauldian Discourse Analysis (FDA)
Discourses facilitate and limit, enable and constrain, what can be said, by whom, where and when.
Make available certain ways-of-seeing the world and certain ways-of-being in the world.
Discourses offer subject positions:
e. g. Illness: Medical discourse, Self help, religious
- Subject positions are associated with rights and responsibilities in terms of what we can do or say (e.g. A patient must passively receive care)
- which have implications for subjectivity and experience
- Strongly linked to power
Dominant discourses often become “common sense” understandings
e.g. mother primary caregiver, father bread winner
Girls like pink, boys like blue
(Counter-discourses do eventually emerge)
Steps in the research process (6)
- research question
- research design and data collection
- transcription
- coding
- analysis interpretation
- present findings
- Choosing a research question
- The research question will look at which discourses, systems of meaning, common sense ideas people use to make sense of their worlds
- And explore what drawing on these discourses “do” for participants.
- Designing your study
- Select text for analysis
- Discourse analysis can be carried out wherever there is meaning (any symbolic system) – do NOT just have to analyse Interview transcripts.
- Transcription
- Varying level of detail
- Discursive psychology research would use more detailed transcriptions, as every interaction is important.
- Even in FDA more detail can be helpful (pauses, laughs, sighs, not emotion)
- Coding & Analysis
No set way to code
Cyclical process, code, recode. Analyse, recode.
things to identify when doing coding and analysis
- Discursive Object
- Discourses
- Action Orientation
- Positionings
- Subjectivity
IDENTIFY THE DISCURSIVE OBJECT:
- Object = the issue you’re studying
- Identify all the instances in your text where these objects occur in one way or another
- “fathering” “ASD/autism” “male/manhood/man/masculinity”
- Both explicit and implicit ways they appear
- Look at when they are spoken about but not named “what is not being said”
IDENTIFY DISCOURSES
Differences in how objects are constructed:
- What are the various different ways the object (“fathering children with ASD”) has been constructed?
- Locate these various constructions within wider discourses (about fathering children with ASD) – masculinity and manhood discourses, discourses about fathering, disease discourses, psychological intervention discourse, father-son relationship discourses
IDENTIFY: ACTION ORIENTATION
- What does the speaker gain from drawing on that particular discourse?
- What does the discourse “DO” for the speaker?
