QCM PSD

Question 1

Discrimination in a minimal intergroup situation occurs on the basis of ___?___:
Veuillez choisir une réponse :
a. Negative stereotypes
b. Simple categorization
c. History of conflict
d. Unjust distribution of resources

Answer 1

b. Simple categorization

Question 2

Which of the following statements about stereotypes is FALSE ?
Veuillez choisir une réponse :
a. Stereotypes are forms of social categories
b. Stereotypes are sets of characteristics that people believe are true for all members of a particular social category
c. Stereotypes refer to the affective dimension of attitude
d. Stereotypes are very limiting and can cause discrimination

Answer 2

c. Stereotypes refer to the affective dimension of attitude

Question 3

____?____ attitudes are activated without awareness, whilst ____?____ attitudes are attitudes of which one is aware.
Veuillez choisir une réponse :
a. Inward ; outward
b. Outward ; inward
c. Explicit ; implicit
d. Implicit ; explicit

Answer 3

d. Implicit ; explicit

Question 4

According to film 9, what was Le Poultier’s main result?
Veuillez choisir une réponse :
a. He showed that the same woman was described using different adjectives depending on the social roles described (her labeling as social worker or client)
b. He showed that the social worker was evaluated with the same adjectives as the friends
c. He showed that the social worker was evaluated with the same adjectives as the client
d. He showed that the social worker was evaluated with the same adjectives as the friends

Answer 4

a. He showed that the same woman was described using different adjectives depending on the social roles described (her labeling as social worker or client)

Question 5

“Real conflicts” (page 22) refer to “realistic group conflict theory” suggesting that prejudice arises :
Veuillez choisir une réponse :
a. when a new group moves into an area
b. when groups fail to communicate clearly with each other
c. where there is a long history of distrust between two groups
d. when groups compete for scarce resources

Answer 5

d. when groups compete for scarce resources

Question 6

Bill has just been elected mayor; Bill’s belief that homosexuals are abnormal is an example of ______?______. His refusal to marry them is an example of _______?_______.
Veuillez choisir une réponse :
a. sexism ; prejudice
b. stereotype ; discrimination
c. sexism ; prejudice
d. discrimination ; prejudice

Answer 6

b. stereotype ; discrimination

Question 7

Marx described the oppressive hierarchy of hegemonic group(s) dominating negative reference groups. In his examples the bourgeoisie (owning class) dominate the proletariat (working class) by controlling capital (the means of production), not paying workers enough, and so on… Which theory referring to group-based social hierarchies in societies could have been influenced by Marxist’s ideas?
Veuillez choisir une réponse :
a. Uncertainty Reduction theory
b. Terror Management theory
c. Social dominance theory
d. Distinctiveness theory

Answer 7

c. Social dominance theory

Question 8

In the 1930s a psychologist named Tryon performed an ingenious experiment. He took a litter of genetically identical mice, and « randomly assigned » them to one of two groups: “maze bright” and “maze dull.” He warned students to whom he gave the maze dull mice that they would be slow, make many mistakes, and learn poorly. He told students to whom he gave the maze-bright mice that these mice were fast learners, would make few errors, and were alert. After two weeks of « maze training », his predictions were dramatically proven right : Maze dull mice did miserably on maze tests; maze bright mice did great. Tryon concluded that the results had nothing to do with mice ; the students communicated their “expectations” to the mice in the way they handled and encouraged the animals. This experiment provides strong evidence for :
Veuillez choisir une réponse :
a. Minimal group paradigm
b. Self-fulfilling prophecy
c. placebo-effects
d. objective data gathering

Answer 8

b. Self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 9

The idea that we find it useful to put people, ourselves included, into categories is an important assumption of ______?_______ theory
Veuillez choisir une réponse :
a. cognitive dissonance
b. realistic group conflict
c. just world
d. social identity

Answer 9

d. social identity

Question 10

Merging two organizations into one can result in a lot of problems between the two former organizational groups. What is the best way to reduce intergroup bias?
Veuillez choisir une réponse :
a. Have the two groups share common goals, while they can simultaneously maintain their own social identity
b. Encourage personal contact between individuals and former out-group members (decategorization)
c. Distract attention from group differences (the color-blindness approach)
d. There is no uniformly best way to reduce intergroup bias

Answer 10

b. Encourage personal contact between individuals and former out-group members (decategorization)

Question 11

If an African-American woman has recently had her femininity made salient to her, she will think more of herself as a woman than as an African-American at that particular time. To what theory could you refer to describe this reaction?
Veuillez choisir une réponse :
a. Distinctiveness
b. Uncertainty Reduction
c. Terror Management
d. Social dominance

Answer 11

a. Distinctiveness

Question 12

This term is a bias which describes the tendency to favor one’s own group: we often do this as a way of maintaining self-esteem.
Veuillez choisir une réponse :
a. outgroup favoritism
b. outgroup derogation
c. ingroup favoritism
d. ingroup derogation

Answer 12

c. ingroup favoritism

Question 13

Negative feelings toward Jews are an example of ____?____. Refusing to allow Jews to eat at your restaurant illustrates ____?____.
Veuillez choisir une réponse :
a. discrimination ; stereotyping
b. Pygmalion effect ; stereotyping
c. stereotyping ; prejudice
d. prejudice ; discrimination

Answer 13

d. prejudice ; discrimination

Question 14

Individuals are more inclined to defend their cherished worldviews–as well as to perceive members of their own collective more favorably than members of other collectives–after they reflect upon their mortality ; In other words, after mortality is primed, the traditional in-group bias is exacerbated. What does this definition refer to ?
Veuillez choisir une réponse :
a. Terror Management theory
b. Distinctiveness theory
c. Social dominance theory
d. Uncertainty Reduction theory

Answer 14

a. Terror Management theory

Question 15

Carol, a mid-level manager at Pegasus Incorporated, has not received a promotion in the last three years despite good performance and good ratings at performance appraisals. If she were to be promoted, she would be the only female employee at top management level. Carol seems to have hit:
Veuillez choisir une réponse :
a. the brick wall
b. the glass wall
c. the invisible ceiling
d. the glass ceiling

Answer 15

d. the glass ceiling

Question 16

In Laurin, Kay, and Moscovitch’s study, when individuals receive information that implies that events might be random rather than structured, they become more inclined to believe the world is controlled by a God. This result could be explained by:
Veuillez choisir une réponse :
a. Terror Management theory
b. Distinctiveness theory
c. Uncertainty Reduction theory
d. Social dominance theory

Answer 16

c. Uncertainty Reduction theory

Question 17

The most likely predictor of the development of prejudice and discrimination between two groups is the degree of ______?_______ between the groups.
Veuillez choisir une réponse :
a. emotionality
b. conflict
c. distance
d. differences

Answer 17

b. conflict

Question 18

“Us” versus “them” categorizations tend to create intergroup conflict. Part of the reason stems from the fact that a group may view itself positively and view other groups negatively. In social psychology, these groups are called :
Veuillez choisir une réponse :
a. positive groups and negative groups
b. valued groups and devalued groups
c. dominant groups and subordinate groups
d. ingroups and outgroups

Answer 18

d. ingroups and outgroups

Question 19

The idea that under certain circumstances, direct encounter between rival groups will reduce stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination, is termed ____?____
Veuillez choisir une réponse :
a. ingroup favouritism hypothesis
b. contact hypothesis
c. uncertainty hypothesis
d. outgroup derogation hypothesis

Answer 19

b. contact hypothesis

Question 20

When a manager wants to recruit or promote someone, s/he can give preferential treatment to individuals with a similar educational, social or cultural background to him/herself and therefore, will choose someone of his/her network. This will give the manager the false impression that s/he will be able to control how the other person behaves. What processes are at work here ?
Veuillez choisir une réponse :
a. swing door effect
b. glass ceiling
c. glass partition
d. reproduction and cooptation

Answer 20

d. reproduction and cooptation