Q2: Research Instrument, Validity And Reliability Flashcards
These are basic tools researchers used to gather data for specific research problems
Research Instruments
common research instruments
- performance tests
- questionnaires
- interviews
- observation checklist
factors that need to be decided before
constructing a research instrument
- Type of instrument
- reasons for choosing the type
- description and conceptual definition of its parts
Characteristics of a Good Research Instrument
- concise
- sequential
- valid and reliable
- easily tabulated
Have you tried answering a very long test, and because of its length, you just pick the answer without even reading it? A good research instrument is _______ in length yet can elicit the needed data.
Concise
Questions or items must be arranged well. It is recommended to arrange it from simplest to the most complex. In this way, the instrument will be more favorable to the respondents to answer.
Sequential
The instrument should pass the tests of ______ and _______ to get more appropriate and accurate information.
Validity and Reliability
Since you will be constructing an instrument for quantitative research, this factor should be considered. Hence, before crafting the instruments, the researcher makes sure that the variable and research questions are established. These will be an important basis for making items in the research instruments.
Easily tabulated
Ways in Developing Research Instrument
- adopting an instrument
- modifying an existing instrument
- researcher made his own instrument
Common Scales Used in Quantitative Research
Likert Scale
Semantic Differential
Types of Validity of Instrument
- Face Validity
- Content Validity
- Construct Validity
- Concurrent Validity
- Predictive Validity
It is also known as “logical validity.” It calls for an initiative judgment of the instruments as it “appear.” Just by looking at the instrument, the researcher decides if it is valid.
Face Validity
It is done by checking the statements or questions if this elicits the needed information. Experts in the field of interest can also provide specific elements that should be measured by the instrument.
Content Validity
It refers to the validity of instruments as it corresponds to the theoretical construct of the study. It is concerning if a specific measure relates to other measures.
Construct Validity
When the instrument can predict results similar to those similar tests already validated, it has ______.
Concurrent Validity
When the instrument is able to produce results similar to those similar tests that will be employed in the future. This is particularly useful for the aptitude test.
Predictive Validity
refers to the consistency of the measures or results of the instrument
Reliability
It is achieved by giving the same test to the same group of respondents twice. The consistency of the two scores will be checked.
Test-retest Reliability
It is established by administering two identical tests except for wordings to the same group of respondents.
Equivalent Forms Reliability
It determines how well the items measure the same construct. It is reasonable that when a respondent gets a high score in one item, he will also get one in similar items.
Internal Consistency Reliability
Steps in Making a Research Instrument
- Gather indicators from literature review or experts.
- Make instrument items from the indicators you gathered.
- Decide on the type of responses you want. (e.g. dichotomous, rating scales)
- Write the instructions for your instrument above the items
