Q1: Variables

Question 1

anything that has a quantity or quality that varies

Answer 1

Variable

Question 2

identified as the presumed cause

Answer 2

independent variable

Question 3

presumed effect

Answer 3

dependent variable

Question 4

other factors that may influence the outcome (dependent variable) not manipulated or pre-defined by the researcher

Answer 4

Extraneous Variables

Question 5

accurate conclusion

Answer 5

internal validity

Question 6

When the researcher fails to control the extraneous variable that it caused considerable effect to the outcome, the extraneous variable becomes this kind of variable

Answer 6

Confounding Variable.

Question 7

When the researcher fails to control the extraneous variable that it caused considerable effect to the outcome, the extraneous variable becomes this kind of variable

Answer 7

Confounding Variable

Question 8

2 classification of variable

Answer 8

• Quantitative Variable (numerical)
• Qualitative Variable (categorical)

Question 9

also called numerical variables, are the type of variables used in quantitative research because they are numeric and can be measured

Answer 9

Quantitative Variables

Question 10

are countable whole numbers. It does not take negative
values or values between fixed points

Answer 10

Discrete variables

Question 11

take fractional (non-whole number) values that can
either be a positive or a negative

Answer 11

Continuous variables

Question 12

examples are number of students in a class, group size and frequency

Answer 12

Discrete variables

Question 13

examples are height and temperature

Answer 13

Continuous variables

Question 14

two levels of measurement,

Answer 14

• Intervals
• Ratio

Question 15

quantitative variables where the interval or differences between
consecutive values are equal and meaningful, but the numbers are arbitrary

Answer 15

Intervals

Question 16

type of data is similar to interval. The only difference is the presence of a
true zero value

Answer 16

Ratio

Question 17

also referred to as Categorical Variables are not expressed
in numbers but are descriptions or categories. It can be further divided into
dichotomous, nominal or ordinal

Answer 17

Qualitative Variables

Question 18

consists of only two distinct categories or values, for
example, a response to a question either be a yes or no

Answer 18

Dichotomous variable

Question 19

simply defines groups of subjects. In here, you may have
more than 2 categories of equivalent magnitude

Answer 19

Nominal variable

Question 20

For example, a basketball player’s number is used to distinguish him from other players. It certainly does not follow that player 10 is better than player 8.

Answer 20

Nominal variable

Question 21

from the name itself, denotes that a variable is ranked in
a certain order

Answer 21

Ordinal variable

Question 22

For example, a survey questionnaire may have a numerical rating
as choices like 1, 2, 3, 4, 5ranked accordingly (5=highest, 1=lowest) or
categorical rating like strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree and strongly
disagree

Answer 22

Ordinal variable

Question 23

8 types of variables

Answer 23

(1) Independent, (2) Dependent, (3)
Extraneous, (4) Continuous, (5) Discrete, (6) Dichotomous, (7)
Nominal variable and (8) Ordinal variable.