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Practical Research II > Q2: Data Collection Instruments > Flashcards

Q2: Data Collection Instruments Flashcards

1
Q

It involves obtaining relevant information regarding the specified research questions or objectives.

A

data collection

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2
Q

In collecting the data, the researcher must decide on the following questions:

A
  1. Which data to collect?
  2. How to collect the data?
  3. Who will collect the data?
  4. When to collect the data?
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3
Q

True or False:

Qualitative research instruments comprise questionnaires, interviews, tests, and observation.

A

False

Quantitative research instruments comprise questionnaires, interviews, tests, and observation. On the other hand, qualitative research usually involve: (a) direct interaction with individuals on a one to one basis, (b) and/or direct interaction with individuals in a group setting.

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4
Q

These are instruments that consists of a series of questions about a research topic to gather data from the participants.

A

questionnaire

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5
Q

Questionnaire consists of ____________ that is aligned to the research questions.

A

indicators

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6
Q

Differentiate survey and questionnaire

A
  • Questionnaire: an instrument used to collect data
  • Survey: a process of collecting, recording, and analyzing data.
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7
Q

Describe the three types of structures of making a questionnaire

A
  • Structured Questionnaire - closed-ended questions
  • Unstructured Questionnaire - open-ended questions
  • Semi-structured Questionnaire - combination of two
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8
Q

2 Advantages of Using Questionnaire

A
  1. Data can be quickly gathered from a big number of participants.
  2. The participants are encouraged to be open to the researchers since their identity can be made anonymous.
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9
Q

5 Disadvantages of Using Questionnaire

A
  1. The questions can be interpreted differently by the participants.
  2. Some participants will not be able to complete the required responses.
  3. Some questionnaires will not be returned on time.
  4. Some questionnaires will be lost.
  5. The answers from participants may lack depth.
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10
Q

These are instruments used for assessing various skills and types of behavior as well as for describing some characteristics.

A

tests

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11
Q

Two Types of Test used in Quantitative Research

A
  • Standardized test
  • Non-standardized test
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12
Q

Tests that is scored uniformly across different areas and groups.

A

Standardized test

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13
Q

Tests that may not be scored uniformly. It is administered to a certain set of people.

A

Non-standardized test

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14
Q

Types of Test Questions

A
  • Recall Questions
  • Recognition Questions
  • Open-ended Questions
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15
Q

Test questions that requires participants to retrieve information from memory.

A

recall questions

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16
Q

Test questions that provides respondents to select from given choices the best or correct choice.

A

recognition questions

17
Q

Test questions that allows the respondents more freedom in their responses, expressing their thoughts and insights.

A

open-ended questions

18
Q

Types of Recall Questions

A
  • Cloze Test
  • Identification
  • Enumeration
19
Q

Types of Recognition Questions

A
  • Multiple Choice
  • Matching
  • Dichotomous
20
Q

Types of Open-ended Questions

A
  • Non-performance based
  • Performance based
21
Q

A method of collecting data about an individual’s behaviors, opinions, values, emotions, and demographic characteristics using numerical data.

A

quantitative interview

22
Q

True or False:

Quantitative interviews are useful when the target participants can’t answer a printed or encoded questionnaire (blind or uneducated).

A

True

23
Q

A method of collecting data which can be used in quantitative research when the data characteristics are quantitative in nature (e.g. length, width, height, weight, volume, area, temperature, cost, level, age, time, and speed).

A

observation

24
Q

________________ may lack participant validity and may be prone to the Hawthorne effect phenomenon.

A

observation

25
Q

Forms of Observation

A
  • controlled observation
  • Natural observation
  • Participant observation
26
Q

Forms of Observation

It is usually used in experimental research and is done under a standard procedure.

A

controlled observation

27
Q

Forms of Observation

The procedure can be replicated, and the data are easier to analyze. The observer performs a non-participant role.

A

controlled observation

28
Q

Forms of Observation

It is carried out in a non-controlled setting. It has greater ecological validity.

A

natural observation

29
Q

The flexibility of the findings to be generalized to real-life contexts.

A

ecological validity

30
Q

Forms of Observation

It also responds to other areas of inquiry not initially intended by the researcher. Its major limitation is its strength to establish a causal relationship due to the presence of extraneous variables which can affect the behavior of the participants.

A

natural observation

31
Q

Forms of Observation

It allows the observer to become a member of the group or community that the participants belong to. It can be performed covertly or overtly.

A

participant observation

32
Q

Participant Observation

Difference between covertly and overtly

A
  • covertly - participants are not aware of the purpose behind the observation.
  • overtly - participants know the intention or objectives of the observation
33
Q

Different Roles of a Researcher during a Participant Observation

A
  • complete observer
  • observer as participant
  • participant as observer
  • complete participant
34
Q

Observational Role

Reseacher observes the spontaneous natural behavior of the participants with as few external factors affecting it as possible.

A

complete observer

35
Q

Observational Role

Researcher does not prioritize recording spontaneous or natural behavior with as few external factors affecting it as possible. The observer is known and recognized by the participants as part of their group or community but has limited interaction with them.

A

observer as participant

36
Q

Observational Role

Researcher does not primarily aim to capture spontaneous or natural behavior.

A

participant as observer

37
Q

Observational Role

Researcher is to observe the spontaneity or natural behavior of the participant with as few external factors affecting it as possible.

A

complete participant

38
Q

Observational Role

The observer is neither seen nor noticed by the participants. The participants are less prone to the Hawthorne effect.

A

complete observer

39
Q

Observational Role

The observer is considered a researcher and not a member of the group or community which is being investigated. However, the observer is fully engaged with the participants.

A

participant as observer

Practical Research II (23 decks)

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