Q1-intro, ovul, fert, implant, and embryonic period Flashcards
what is the leading cause of infant mortality
birth defects
what are characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome
thin upper lip, small mid face, short palpebral fissures, flat philtrum
what occurs during early development phase
fertilization, implantation, gastrulation, formation of placenta, determination of body axes
what occurs during embryonic period (broad)
formation of major organs and systems
define epigenetics
heritable changes in gene expression
define genetic imprinting
only one allele expressed in parent specific manner
what disorder occurs when the maternal genes on critical region of long arm of chromosome 15 are deleted
angelman’s syndrome
what disorder occurs when the paternal genes in the critical region of the long arm of chromosome 15 are deleted
prader-willi
what disorder occurs when a piece of chromosome 5 is missing
Cri-du-chat syndrome
what are errors in genetic programming/tissues
malformation
what occurs when genetically normal tissues forced into abnormal shaped by mechanical/environmental forces
deformations
what happens when already formed tissues experience a specific insult
disruptions
what happens when one anomaly leads to another
sequence
what is the predominant cause of down syndrome
when nondisjunction occurs in female gametes
what is the predominant cause of Turner’s syndrome
nondisjunction of male gametes
where does oogenesis occur
cortex of ovary
when does the first meiotic division of oogenesis begin
12th fetal week
what is the likely diagnosis for someone who has mental retardation, craniofacial abnormalities, epicentral folds and flat face?
trisomy 21
what is the likely diagnosis for someone who has intellectual disability, congenital heart defects, low set ears and flexion of fingers
trisomy 18
what is the likely diagnosis for someone who has intellectual disability, holoprosencephaly, congenital heart defects, deafness, cleft lip and palate?
trisomy 13
Name this stage of mitosis: chromosomes contrast and condense; chromatids begin to join by the centromere
prophase
name this stage of mitosis: chromatids become distinguishable
prometaphase
name this stage of mitosis: chromosomes line up at the equatorial plate and doubled structure is evident (mitotic spindles are present)
metaphase
name this stage of mitosis: centromere divides followed by migration of chromatids of to opposite poles of the spindle
anaphase