lect 6-body cavities and respiratory system

Question 1

what forms the neural tube

Answer 1

ectoderm

Question 2

what forms the gut tube

Answer 2

endoderm

Question 3

what type of mesoderm forms the skull and vertebrae

Answer 3

paraxial mesoderm

Question 4

what type of mesoderm forms the urogenital system

Answer 4

intermediate mesoderm

Question 5

what type of mesoderm helps form the body cavity

Answer 5

lateral plate mesoderm

Question 6

what does the amniotic cavity form within

Answer 6

epiblast

Question 7

what type of mesoderm makes up the septum transversum

Answer 7

visceral mesoderm

Question 8

how do thoracic and abdominal cavities communicate

Answer 8

via pericardia-peritoneal canals

Question 9

what embryological structure gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm

Answer 9

septum transversum

Question 10

what somites give rise to the muscular component of the diaphragm

Answer 10

C3-C5 somites

Question 11

what surrounds the crura of the diaphragm

Answer 11

mesentery of esophagus

Question 12

what is the most common location of gastroschisis

Answer 12

to the right of the umbilicus

Question 13

when does omphalocele occur

Answer 13

when parts of gut tube that normally herniate into the umbilical cord fail to return to abdominal cavity

Question 14

what is the main issue that leads to diaphragmatic hernias

Answer 14

failure of the pleuroperitoneal fold to close

Question 15

what are some characteristics that occur with diaphragmatic hernias

Answer 15

compromised thoracic organs, heart pushed anteriorly, lungs squeezed (pulmonary hypoplasia)

Question 16

what does RA increase that is exceptionally important for lung bud development

Answer 16

TBX4

Question 17

what does the epithelium of respiratory system derive from

Answer 17

endoderm

Question 18

what do the cartilaginous, muscular and connective aspects of the lungs derive from

Answer 18

splanchnic mesoderm

Question 19

when do the bilateral trachea-esophageal ridges fuse in order to separate the trachea fro the esophagus

Answer 19

at 5 weeks

Question 20

what pharyngeal arches do the laryngeal swellings arise from

Answer 20

4 and 6

Question 21

what is laryngeal musculature innervated by

Answer 21

vagus nerve

Question 22

when do lungs really start to expand?

Answer 22

once the thorax is closed

Question 23

what transcription factor is needed for the branching of the respiratory tree

Answer 23

FGF

Question 24

what direction do the lungs move in

Answer 24

caudally

Question 25

where is the bifurcation of the trachea at birth

Answer 25

T4

Question 26

what deficiency leads to respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 26

surfactant deficiency

Question 27

what is the characteristic shape of congenital cysts in lungs

Answer 27

honeycomb

Question 28

what is the space between the visceral and parietal lyres of lateral plate mesoderm called

Answer 28

primitive body cavity

Question 29

define somatopleure

Answer 29

parietal layers of the LPM and overlying ectoderm

Question 30

define splanchnopleure

Answer 30

visceral layer of LPM and underlying endoderm

Question 31

what is the vitelline duct

Answer 31

it is the connection from the midgut region to the yolk sac

Question 32

how are the visceral and parietal layers continuous with each other

Answer 32

dorsal mesentery

Question 33

what is a block of mesoderm that forms connective tissue in the liver and the central tendon of the diaphragm

Answer 33

septum transversum

Question 34

what is the septum transverse derived from

Answer 34

visceral mesoderm

Question 35

what are the pleuropericardial membranes

Answer 35

extensions of the pleuropericardial folds that contain the common cardinal veins and phrenic nerves

Question 36

what results from abnormal body wall closure in the pelvic region

Answer 36

bladder or cloacal exstrophy

Question 37

what are congenital diaphragmatic hernias frequently caused by

Answer 37

failure of one or both of the pleuroperitoneal membranes to close the pericardioperitoneal canals

Question 38

which side of the body do congenital diaphragmatic hernias typically occur

Answer 38

left

Question 39

what type of hernia occurs when a small part of the muscular fibers of the diaphragm fail to develop

Answer 39

parasternal

Question 40

where are parasternal hernias frequently seen

Answer 40

anterior portion of diaphragm

Question 41

when do lung buds first appear

Answer 41

4 weeks

Question 42

how does the respiratory primordial maintain its communication with the pharynx

Answer 42

through the laryngeal orifice

Question 43

what derivative does the superior laryngeal nerve innervate

Answer 43

derivatives of 4th arch

Question 44

what derivative does the recurrent laryngeal nerve innervate

Answer 44

derivatives of 6th arch

Question 45

what is a common complication with esophageal atresia

Answer 45

polyhydramnios

Question 46

where do ectopic lung lobes typically arise

Answer 46

trachea and esophagus

Question 47

what direction does the laryngeotracheal diverticulum grow

Answer 47

distally

Question 48

what disorder occurs when there is an abnormal communication between the trachea and esophagus (formed by improper formation of tracheoesophageal septum)

Answer 48

tracheoesophageal fistula

Question 49

what disorders are polyhydramnios associated with

Answer 49

CNS anomalies and esophageal atresia (including TEF)

Question 50

how is esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula diagnosed

Answer 50

presence is suspected with an infant with excessive drooling that is frequently accompanied by choking, coughing and sneezing.

Question 51

when do the lung buds divide into bronchial buds

Answer 51

week 5

Question 52

what stage in lung development is the fetus viable with life

Answer 52

towards the end of the canalicular phase (weeks 17-26)

Question 53

what disorder occurs when there is complete absence of lungs, bronchi, and vasculature (bronchial buds do NOT develop)

Answer 53

pulmonary agenesis

Question 54

what are the common clinical signs of congenital diaphragmatic hernias

Answer 54

unusually flat abdomen, breathlessness and cyanosis

Question 55

what disorder is associated with elevated AFP concentrations

Answer 55

omphalocele

Question 56

when does cantrell pentalogy occur

Answer 56

when the closure defect begins at the caudal end of the sternum and extends into the upper abdomen