lect 6-body cavities and respiratory system Flashcards
what forms the neural tube
ectoderm
what forms the gut tube
endoderm
what type of mesoderm forms the skull and vertebrae
paraxial mesoderm
what type of mesoderm forms the urogenital system
intermediate mesoderm
what type of mesoderm helps form the body cavity
lateral plate mesoderm
what does the amniotic cavity form within
epiblast
what type of mesoderm makes up the septum transversum
visceral mesoderm
how do thoracic and abdominal cavities communicate
via pericardia-peritoneal canals
what embryological structure gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm
septum transversum
what somites give rise to the muscular component of the diaphragm
C3-C5 somites
what surrounds the crura of the diaphragm
mesentery of esophagus
what is the most common location of gastroschisis
to the right of the umbilicus
when does omphalocele occur
when parts of gut tube that normally herniate into the umbilical cord fail to return to abdominal cavity
what is the main issue that leads to diaphragmatic hernias
failure of the pleuroperitoneal fold to close
what are some characteristics that occur with diaphragmatic hernias
compromised thoracic organs, heart pushed anteriorly, lungs squeezed (pulmonary hypoplasia)
what does RA increase that is exceptionally important for lung bud development
TBX4
what does the epithelium of respiratory system derive from
endoderm
what do the cartilaginous, muscular and connective aspects of the lungs derive from
splanchnic mesoderm
when do the bilateral trachea-esophageal ridges fuse in order to separate the trachea fro the esophagus
at 5 weeks
what pharyngeal arches do the laryngeal swellings arise from
4 and 6
what is laryngeal musculature innervated by
vagus nerve
when do lungs really start to expand?
once the thorax is closed
what transcription factor is needed for the branching of the respiratory tree
FGF
what direction do the lungs move in
caudally
where is the bifurcation of the trachea at birth
T4
what deficiency leads to respiratory distress syndrome
surfactant deficiency
what is the characteristic shape of congenital cysts in lungs
honeycomb
what is the space between the visceral and parietal lyres of lateral plate mesoderm called
primitive body cavity
define somatopleure
parietal layers of the LPM and overlying ectoderm
define splanchnopleure
visceral layer of LPM and underlying endoderm
what is the vitelline duct
it is the connection from the midgut region to the yolk sac
how are the visceral and parietal layers continuous with each other
dorsal mesentery
what is a block of mesoderm that forms connective tissue in the liver and the central tendon of the diaphragm
septum transversum
what is the septum transverse derived from
visceral mesoderm
what are the pleuropericardial membranes
extensions of the pleuropericardial folds that contain the common cardinal veins and phrenic nerves
what results from abnormal body wall closure in the pelvic region
bladder or cloacal exstrophy
what are congenital diaphragmatic hernias frequently caused by
failure of one or both of the pleuroperitoneal membranes to close the pericardioperitoneal canals
which side of the body do congenital diaphragmatic hernias typically occur
left
what type of hernia occurs when a small part of the muscular fibers of the diaphragm fail to develop
parasternal
where are parasternal hernias frequently seen
anterior portion of diaphragm
when do lung buds first appear
4 weeks
how does the respiratory primordial maintain its communication with the pharynx
through the laryngeal orifice
what derivative does the superior laryngeal nerve innervate
derivatives of 4th arch
what derivative does the recurrent laryngeal nerve innervate
derivatives of 6th arch
what is a common complication with esophageal atresia
polyhydramnios
where do ectopic lung lobes typically arise
trachea and esophagus
what direction does the laryngeotracheal diverticulum grow
distally
what disorder occurs when there is an abnormal communication between the trachea and esophagus (formed by improper formation of tracheoesophageal septum)
tracheoesophageal fistula
what disorders are polyhydramnios associated with
CNS anomalies and esophageal atresia (including TEF)
how is esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula diagnosed
presence is suspected with an infant with excessive drooling that is frequently accompanied by choking, coughing and sneezing.
when do the lung buds divide into bronchial buds
week 5
what stage in lung development is the fetus viable with life
towards the end of the canalicular phase (weeks 17-26)
what disorder occurs when there is complete absence of lungs, bronchi, and vasculature (bronchial buds do NOT develop)
pulmonary agenesis
what are the common clinical signs of congenital diaphragmatic hernias
unusually flat abdomen, breathlessness and cyanosis
what disorder is associated with elevated AFP concentrations
omphalocele
when does cantrell pentalogy occur
when the closure defect begins at the caudal end of the sternum and extends into the upper abdomen
