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LECOM embryology > lect 6-body cavities and respiratory system > Flashcards

lect 6-body cavities and respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

what forms the neural tube

A

ectoderm

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2
Q

what forms the gut tube

A

endoderm

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3
Q

what type of mesoderm forms the skull and vertebrae

A

paraxial mesoderm

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4
Q

what type of mesoderm forms the urogenital system

A

intermediate mesoderm

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5
Q

what type of mesoderm helps form the body cavity

A

lateral plate mesoderm

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6
Q

what does the amniotic cavity form within

A

epiblast

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7
Q

what type of mesoderm makes up the septum transversum

A

visceral mesoderm

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8
Q

how do thoracic and abdominal cavities communicate

A

via pericardia-peritoneal canals

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9
Q

what embryological structure gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm

A

septum transversum

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10
Q

what somites give rise to the muscular component of the diaphragm

A

C3-C5 somites

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11
Q

what surrounds the crura of the diaphragm

A

mesentery of esophagus

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12
Q

what is the most common location of gastroschisis

A

to the right of the umbilicus

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13
Q

when does omphalocele occur

A

when parts of gut tube that normally herniate into the umbilical cord fail to return to abdominal cavity

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14
Q

what is the main issue that leads to diaphragmatic hernias

A

failure of the pleuroperitoneal fold to close

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15
Q

what are some characteristics that occur with diaphragmatic hernias

A

compromised thoracic organs, heart pushed anteriorly, lungs squeezed (pulmonary hypoplasia)

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16
Q

what does RA increase that is exceptionally important for lung bud development

A

TBX4

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17
Q

what does the epithelium of respiratory system derive from

A

endoderm

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18
Q

what do the cartilaginous, muscular and connective aspects of the lungs derive from

A

splanchnic mesoderm

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19
Q

when do the bilateral trachea-esophageal ridges fuse in order to separate the trachea fro the esophagus

A

at 5 weeks

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20
Q

what pharyngeal arches do the laryngeal swellings arise from

A

4 and 6

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21
Q

what is laryngeal musculature innervated by

A

vagus nerve

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22
Q

when do lungs really start to expand?

A

once the thorax is closed

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23
Q

what transcription factor is needed for the branching of the respiratory tree

A

FGF

24
Q

what direction do the lungs move in

A

caudally

25
Q

where is the bifurcation of the trachea at birth

A

T4

26
Q

what deficiency leads to respiratory distress syndrome

A

surfactant deficiency

27
Q

what is the characteristic shape of congenital cysts in lungs

A

honeycomb

28
Q

what is the space between the visceral and parietal lyres of lateral plate mesoderm called

A

primitive body cavity

29
Q

define somatopleure

A

parietal layers of the LPM and overlying ectoderm

30
Q

define splanchnopleure

A

visceral layer of LPM and underlying endoderm

31
Q

what is the vitelline duct

A

it is the connection from the midgut region to the yolk sac

32
Q

how are the visceral and parietal layers continuous with each other

A

dorsal mesentery

33
Q

what is a block of mesoderm that forms connective tissue in the liver and the central tendon of the diaphragm

A

septum transversum

34
Q

what is the septum transverse derived from

A

visceral mesoderm

35
Q

what are the pleuropericardial membranes

A

extensions of the pleuropericardial folds that contain the common cardinal veins and phrenic nerves

36
Q

what results from abnormal body wall closure in the pelvic region

A

bladder or cloacal exstrophy

37
Q

what are congenital diaphragmatic hernias frequently caused by

A

failure of one or both of the pleuroperitoneal membranes to close the pericardioperitoneal canals

38
Q

which side of the body do congenital diaphragmatic hernias typically occur

A

left

39
Q

what type of hernia occurs when a small part of the muscular fibers of the diaphragm fail to develop

A

parasternal

40
Q

where are parasternal hernias frequently seen

A

anterior portion of diaphragm

41
Q

when do lung buds first appear

A

4 weeks

42
Q

how does the respiratory primordial maintain its communication with the pharynx

A

through the laryngeal orifice

43
Q

what derivative does the superior laryngeal nerve innervate

A

derivatives of 4th arch

44
Q

what derivative does the recurrent laryngeal nerve innervate

A

derivatives of 6th arch

45
Q

what is a common complication with esophageal atresia

A

polyhydramnios

46
Q

where do ectopic lung lobes typically arise

A

trachea and esophagus

47
Q

what direction does the laryngeotracheal diverticulum grow

A

distally

48
Q

what disorder occurs when there is an abnormal communication between the trachea and esophagus (formed by improper formation of tracheoesophageal septum)

A

tracheoesophageal fistula

49
Q

what disorders are polyhydramnios associated with

A

CNS anomalies and esophageal atresia (including TEF)

50
Q

how is esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula diagnosed

A

presence is suspected with an infant with excessive drooling that is frequently accompanied by choking, coughing and sneezing.

51
Q

when do the lung buds divide into bronchial buds

A

week 5

52
Q

what stage in lung development is the fetus viable with life

A

towards the end of the canalicular phase (weeks 17-26)

53
Q

what disorder occurs when there is complete absence of lungs, bronchi, and vasculature (bronchial buds do NOT develop)

A

pulmonary agenesis

54
Q

what are the common clinical signs of congenital diaphragmatic hernias

A

unusually flat abdomen, breathlessness and cyanosis

55
Q

what disorder is associated with elevated AFP concentrations

A

omphalocele

56
Q

when does cantrell pentalogy occur

A

when the closure defect begins at the caudal end of the sternum and extends into the upper abdomen

LECOM embryology (11 decks)

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