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LECOM embryology > lect 12- pharyngeal apparatus: arches, clefts and pouches > Flashcards

lect 12- pharyngeal apparatus: arches, clefts and pouches Flashcards

1
Q

are pharyngeal clefts/grooves external or internal

A

external

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2
Q

are pharyngeal pouches internal or external

A

internal

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3
Q

what pharyngeal pouch does the palatine tonsil come from

A

2nd

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4
Q

what pharyngeal pouch does the parathyroid gland (inferior) come from

A

3rd

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5
Q

what pharyngeal pouch does the parathyroid gland (superior) come from

A

4th

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6
Q

what pharyngeal pouch does the ultimobranchial body come from

A

4th

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7
Q

when does pharyngeal cysts form

A

when the second arch fails to grow over the 3rd and 4th arches, leaving remnants of the cervical sinus

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8
Q

what nerve innervates the derivatives of the 1st pharyngeal arch

A

trigeminal (5)

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9
Q

what nerve innervates the derivatives of the 2nd pharyngeal arch

A

facial (7)

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10
Q

what nerve innervates the derivatives of the 3rd pharyngeal arch

A

glossopharyngeal (9)

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11
Q

what nerve innervates the derivatives of the 4th and 6th arch

A

vagus

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12
Q

what skeletal structures arise from the 1st pharyngeal arch

A

maxilla, temporal, zygomatic, mandible, malleus, incus

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13
Q

what skeletal structures arise from the 2nd pharyngeal arch

A

stapes, styloid process, part of hyoid

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14
Q

what skeletal structures arise from the 3rd pharyngeal arch

A

part of hyoid

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15
Q

what skeletal structures arise from the 4th pharyngeal arch

A

part of thyroid cartilage; laryngeal cartilages

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16
Q

what skeletal structures arise from the 6th pharyngeal arch

A

part of thyroid cartilage

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17
Q

what muscles arise from the 4th pharyngeal arch

A

cricothyroid, levator veli palatini, pharyngeal constrictors

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18
Q

what muscles arise from the 6th pharyngeal arch

A

intrinsic muscles of larynx

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19
Q

what chromosome is the mutation responsible for trencher-collins on?

A

chromosome 5

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20
Q

what are the characteristics of trencher-collins syndrome

A

downward slanting eyes, small lower jaw, and malformed or missing ears. these anomalies cause hearing, breathing and eating problems

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21
Q

what neural crest cells does diverge syndrome affect

A

those in arches/pouches 3 and 4

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22
Q

describe the catch 22

A

cardiac abnormalities, abnormal facies, thymic aplasia, cleft palate, hypoparathyroidism/hypocalcemia

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23
Q

what arch/es are defective with goldenhar (oculo-auriculo-vertebral) syndrome

A

1st and 2nd

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24
Q

what does the thymus arise from

A

3rd pouch to anterior mediastinum

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25
Q

what does the ultimobranchial body arise from

A

4th pouch into thyroid gland

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26
Q

what does the ultimobranchial body form

A

parafollicular (C) cells

27
Q

what does the pharyngeal pouch 1 give rise to

A

tympanic cavity (middle ear) and auditory tube

28
Q

what does pharyngeal cleft 1 give rise to

A

external auditory meatus

29
Q

what do remnants of the thyroglossal duct include

A

the foramen cecum and occasionally thyroglossal cysts

30
Q

what forms epiglottic swellings

A

3rd and 4th arches

31
Q

what forms the copula

A

2nd-4th arches

32
Q

what does the 1st arch form

A

2 lateral and 1 medial swelling (tuberculum impar)

33
Q

what is the sensory to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

CN IX

34
Q

what provides GVA to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

CN V

35
Q

what provides SVA (taste) to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

CN VII

36
Q

what is the motor innervation to the tongue

A

hypoglossal (XII)

37
Q

what is abnormally short frenulum of the tongue resulting in problems with feeding, maintaining oral hygiene, and enunciation

A

ankyloglossia

38
Q

what is the issue with a bifid tongue

A

lateral lingual swellings fail to fuse

39
Q

what is the issue with macroglossia

A

hypertrophy of the tongue

40
Q

what forms the tubotympanic recess

A

first pharyngeal pouch

41
Q

where do axons from trigeminal ganglion enter the hindbrain

A

R2 rhombomere

42
Q

where does R4 migrate

A

second arch

43
Q

where do axons from the geniculate and vestibuloacoustic ganglion migrate

A

R4

44
Q

where do R6 and R7 migrate

A

arches 4 and 6

45
Q

what axons are at R6 and R7

A

axons from petrosal and nodose

46
Q

where is BMP7 expressed

A

posterior endoderm of each pouch

47
Q

where is PAX1 restricted to

A

dorsal-most endoderm of each pouch

48
Q

where is SHH expressed in reference to the pouches

A

posterior endoderm of the second and third pouches

49
Q

what forms the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

lateral swelling outgrowths

50
Q

how is the anterior 2/3 of tongue separated from the posterior 1/3

A

terminal sulcus

51
Q

what provides sensory to posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

52
Q

what are the epiglottis and extreme posterior part of the tongue innervated by

A

superior laryngeal nerve

53
Q

what provides special sensory to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

chords tympani (branch of facial)

54
Q

what provides special sensory to the posterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

55
Q

what is the thyroid gland indicated by

A

foramen cecum

56
Q

describe the position of the maxillary and mandibular prominences in reference to the stomodeum

A

maxillary is lateral; mandibular is caudal

57
Q

what does the maxillary prominence enlarge to become

A

to form the cheeks and the maxilla

58
Q

what is the secondary palate formed by

A

palatine shelves

59
Q

what does the mesenchyme of tooth originate from

A

neural crest

60
Q

what is the most important molecular factor for tooth patterning

A

HOX genes

61
Q

what is most severely altered with robin sequence

A

mandible

62
Q

what is the most common deletion sequence in humans

A

22q11.2 deletion syndrome

63
Q

what is the mutation with van der wounds syndrome

A

IRF6

LECOM embryology (11 decks)

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