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LECOM embryology > lect 12- pharyngeal apparatus: arches, clefts and pouches > Flashcards

lect 12- pharyngeal apparatus: arches, clefts and pouches Flashcards

1
Q

are pharyngeal clefts/grooves external or internal

A

external

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2
Q

are pharyngeal pouches internal or external

A

internal

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3
Q

what pharyngeal pouch does the palatine tonsil come from

A

2nd

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4
Q

what pharyngeal pouch does the parathyroid gland (inferior) come from

A

3rd

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5
Q

what pharyngeal pouch does the parathyroid gland (superior) come from

A

4th

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6
Q

what pharyngeal pouch does the ultimobranchial body come from

A

4th

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7
Q

when does pharyngeal cysts form

A

when the second arch fails to grow over the 3rd and 4th arches, leaving remnants of the cervical sinus

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8
Q

what nerve innervates the derivatives of the 1st pharyngeal arch

A

trigeminal (5)

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9
Q

what nerve innervates the derivatives of the 2nd pharyngeal arch

A

facial (7)

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10
Q

what nerve innervates the derivatives of the 3rd pharyngeal arch

A

glossopharyngeal (9)

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11
Q

what nerve innervates the derivatives of the 4th and 6th arch

A

vagus

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12
Q

what skeletal structures arise from the 1st pharyngeal arch

A

maxilla, temporal, zygomatic, mandible, malleus, incus

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13
Q

what skeletal structures arise from the 2nd pharyngeal arch

A

stapes, styloid process, part of hyoid

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14
Q

what skeletal structures arise from the 3rd pharyngeal arch

A

part of hyoid

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15
Q

what skeletal structures arise from the 4th pharyngeal arch

A

part of thyroid cartilage; laryngeal cartilages

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16
Q

what skeletal structures arise from the 6th pharyngeal arch

A

part of thyroid cartilage

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17
Q

what muscles arise from the 4th pharyngeal arch

A

cricothyroid, levator veli palatini, pharyngeal constrictors

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18
Q

what muscles arise from the 6th pharyngeal arch

A

intrinsic muscles of larynx

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19
Q

what chromosome is the mutation responsible for trencher-collins on?

A

chromosome 5

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20
Q

what are the characteristics of trencher-collins syndrome

A

downward slanting eyes, small lower jaw, and malformed or missing ears. these anomalies cause hearing, breathing and eating problems

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21
Q

what neural crest cells does diverge syndrome affect

A

those in arches/pouches 3 and 4

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22
Q

describe the catch 22

A

cardiac abnormalities, abnormal facies, thymic aplasia, cleft palate, hypoparathyroidism/hypocalcemia

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23
Q

what arch/es are defective with goldenhar (oculo-auriculo-vertebral) syndrome

A

1st and 2nd

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24
Q

what does the thymus arise from

A

3rd pouch to anterior mediastinum

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25
what does the ultimobranchial body arise from
4th pouch into thyroid gland
26
what does the ultimobranchial body form
parafollicular (C) cells
27
what does the pharyngeal pouch 1 give rise to
tympanic cavity (middle ear) and auditory tube
28
what does pharyngeal cleft 1 give rise to
external auditory meatus
29
what do remnants of the thyroglossal duct include
the foramen cecum and occasionally thyroglossal cysts
30
what forms epiglottic swellings
3rd and 4th arches
31
what forms the copula
2nd-4th arches
32
what does the 1st arch form
2 lateral and 1 medial swelling (tuberculum impar)
33
what is the sensory to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
CN IX
34
what provides GVA to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
CN V
35
what provides SVA (taste) to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
CN VII
36
what is the motor innervation to the tongue
hypoglossal (XII)
37
what is abnormally short frenulum of the tongue resulting in problems with feeding, maintaining oral hygiene, and enunciation
ankyloglossia
38
what is the issue with a bifid tongue
lateral lingual swellings fail to fuse
39
what is the issue with macroglossia
hypertrophy of the tongue
40
what forms the tubotympanic recess
first pharyngeal pouch
41
where do axons from trigeminal ganglion enter the hindbrain
R2 rhombomere
42
where does R4 migrate
second arch
43
where do axons from the geniculate and vestibuloacoustic ganglion migrate
R4
44
where do R6 and R7 migrate
arches 4 and 6
45
what axons are at R6 and R7
axons from petrosal and nodose
46
where is BMP7 expressed
posterior endoderm of each pouch
47
where is PAX1 restricted to
dorsal-most endoderm of each pouch
48
where is SHH expressed in reference to the pouches
posterior endoderm of the second and third pouches
49
what forms the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
lateral swelling outgrowths
50
how is the anterior 2/3 of tongue separated from the posterior 1/3
terminal sulcus
51
what provides sensory to posterior 1/3 of the tongue
glossopharyngeal nerve
52
what are the epiglottis and extreme posterior part of the tongue innervated by
superior laryngeal nerve
53
what provides special sensory to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
chords tympani (branch of facial)
54
what provides special sensory to the posterior 2/3 of the tongue
glossopharyngeal nerve
55
what is the thyroid gland indicated by
foramen cecum
56
describe the position of the maxillary and mandibular prominences in reference to the stomodeum
maxillary is lateral; mandibular is caudal
57
what does the maxillary prominence enlarge to become
to form the cheeks and the maxilla
58
what is the secondary palate formed by
palatine shelves
59
what does the mesenchyme of tooth originate from
neural crest
60
what is the most important molecular factor for tooth patterning
HOX genes
61
what is most severely altered with robin sequence
mandible
62
what is the most common deletion sequence in humans
22q11.2 deletion syndrome
63
what is the mutation with van der wounds syndrome
IRF6

LECOM embryology (11 decks)

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