lect 15- CNS

Question 1

where does neural induction first occur

Answer 1

cervical region

Question 2

what gestational days does neural induction occur

Answer 2

18-20

Question 3

when does the rostral neuropore close

Answer 3

day 24-25

Question 4

when does the caudal neuropore close

Answer 4

day 27-28

Question 5

where is the cervical flexure located

Answer 5

at the junction of hindbrain and spinal cord

Question 6

where does the cephalic flexure occur

Answer 6

midbrain region

Question 7

what are the gestational days for the formation of flexures

Answer 7

28-32

Question 8

what embryonic brain region gives rise to the cerebrum

Answer 8

telecephalon

Question 9

what embryonic brain region gives rise to the thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus

Answer 9

diencephalon

Question 10

what embryonic brain region gives rise to the pons and cerebellum

Answer 10

metencephalon

Question 11

what embryonic brain region gives rise to medulla oblongata

Answer 11

myelencephalon

Question 12

what is the most important molecular factor for dorsal axis establishment

Answer 12

TGF-beta

Question 13

what is the most important molecular factor of ventral axis establishment

Answer 13

SHH

Question 14

what type of nuclei are in the alar plate of the myelencephalon

Answer 14

sensory

Question 15

what type of nuclei are in the basal plate of the myelencephalon

Answer 15

motor

Question 16

what ventricle do the basal ganglia develop along

Answer 16

3d ventricle

Question 17

what week of development does forebrain development begin

Answer 17

week 5

Question 18

what does the cortex develop from

Answer 18

pallium (ventricular zone)

Question 19

what molecular factor is most likely mutated with schizencephaly

Answer 19

homeobox gene

Question 20

what disorder occurs when there is herniation of brain regions through the foramen magnum

Answer 20

chiari malformations

Question 21

when does the CNS begin and what does it begin as

Answer 21

begins at 3rd week as the neural plate

Question 22

what ventricle is the cavity of the rhombencephalon in

Answer 22

4th

Question 23

what ventricle is the cavity of the diencephalon in

Answer 23

3rd

Question 24

what ventricle is the cerebral hemispheres in

Answer 24

lateral ventricles

Question 25

what forms the mantle layer

Answer 25

neuroblasts

Question 26

what does the mantle layer form

Answer 26

gray matter of spinal cord

Question 27

what is the outermost layer of the spinal cord

Answer 27

marginal layer

Question 28

what does the marginal layer form

Answer 28

white matter

Question 29

what is the boundary between the basal and alar plates

Answer 29

sulcus limitans

Question 30

what is the main signaling molecule for the ventral part of the spinal cord

Answer 30

SHH

Question 31

what neurons are in the medial somatic efferent of the basal plate nuclei

Answer 31

hypoglossal, abducens, trochlear, and oculomotor nerves

Question 32

what nerves are in the intermediate special visceral afferents of the basal plate nuclei of the myelencephalpon

Answer 32

accessory, vagus, and glossopharyngeal

Question 33

what nerves are in the alar plate nuclei of the myelencephalon

Answer 33

glossopharyngeal and vestibulocochlear

Question 34

what does the posterior colliculus of the mesencephalon serve as

Answer 34

synaptic relay stations for auditory reflexes

Question 35

what does the anterior colliculus of the mesencephalon serve as

Answer 35

correlation and reflex center for visual impulses

Question 36

what are the 2 parts that the corpus striatum are divided into

Answer 36

caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus

Question 37

what is the motor cortex of the cerebral cortex characterized by (cells)

Answer 37

pyramidal cells

Question 38

what is the sensory area of the cerebral cortex characterized by (cells)

Answer 38

granular cells

Question 39

what does the alar plate of the diencephalon form

Answer 39

thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 40

what does the roof plate of the diencephalon form

Answer 40

choroid plexus of 3rd ventricle

Question 41

what does the most caudal part of the roof plate of the diencephalon form

Answer 41

pineal gland/epiphysis

Question 42

what occurs when a small portion of rathke's pouch persists in the roof of the pharynx

Answer 42

pharyngeal hypophysis

Question 43

what do craniopharyngiomas arise from

Answer 43

remnants of rathkes pouch

Question 44

what occurs when the lateral ventricles of the brain merge into one ventricle

Answer 44

tele cephalic vesicle

Question 45

what can defective cholesterol biosynthesis lead to

Answer 45

smith-lemli-opitz syndrome

Question 46

what occurs when the cephalic part of the neural tube fails to close

Answer 46

exencephaly

Question 47

what is hydrocephalus typically due to

Answer 47

obstruction of the aqueduct of sylvius

Question 48

where do most pheochromocytoma occur

Answer 48

adrenal medulla