lect 15- CNS Flashcards
where does neural induction first occur
cervical region
what gestational days does neural induction occur
18-20
when does the rostral neuropore close
day 24-25
when does the caudal neuropore close
day 27-28
where is the cervical flexure located
at the junction of hindbrain and spinal cord
where does the cephalic flexure occur
midbrain region
what are the gestational days for the formation of flexures
28-32
what embryonic brain region gives rise to the cerebrum
telecephalon
what embryonic brain region gives rise to the thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus
diencephalon
what embryonic brain region gives rise to the pons and cerebellum
metencephalon
what embryonic brain region gives rise to medulla oblongata
myelencephalon
what is the most important molecular factor for dorsal axis establishment
TGF-beta
what is the most important molecular factor of ventral axis establishment
SHH
what type of nuclei are in the alar plate of the myelencephalon
sensory
what type of nuclei are in the basal plate of the myelencephalon
motor
what ventricle do the basal ganglia develop along
3d ventricle
what week of development does forebrain development begin
week 5
what does the cortex develop from
pallium (ventricular zone)
what molecular factor is most likely mutated with schizencephaly
homeobox gene
what disorder occurs when there is herniation of brain regions through the foramen magnum
chiari malformations
when does the CNS begin and what does it begin as
begins at 3rd week as the neural plate
what ventricle is the cavity of the rhombencephalon in
4th
what ventricle is the cavity of the diencephalon in
3rd
what ventricle is the cerebral hemispheres in
lateral ventricles
what forms the mantle layer
neuroblasts
what does the mantle layer form
gray matter of spinal cord
what is the outermost layer of the spinal cord
marginal layer
what does the marginal layer form
white matter
what is the boundary between the basal and alar plates
sulcus limitans
what is the main signaling molecule for the ventral part of the spinal cord
SHH
what neurons are in the medial somatic efferent of the basal plate nuclei
hypoglossal, abducens, trochlear, and oculomotor nerves
what nerves are in the intermediate special visceral afferents of the basal plate nuclei of the myelencephalpon
accessory, vagus, and glossopharyngeal
what nerves are in the alar plate nuclei of the myelencephalon
glossopharyngeal and vestibulocochlear
what does the posterior colliculus of the mesencephalon serve as
synaptic relay stations for auditory reflexes
what does the anterior colliculus of the mesencephalon serve as
correlation and reflex center for visual impulses
what are the 2 parts that the corpus striatum are divided into
caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus
what is the motor cortex of the cerebral cortex characterized by (cells)
pyramidal cells
what is the sensory area of the cerebral cortex characterized by (cells)
granular cells
what does the alar plate of the diencephalon form
thalamus and hypothalamus
what does the roof plate of the diencephalon form
choroid plexus of 3rd ventricle
what does the most caudal part of the roof plate of the diencephalon form
pineal gland/epiphysis
what occurs when a small portion of rathke’s pouch persists in the roof of the pharynx
pharyngeal hypophysis
what do craniopharyngiomas arise from
remnants of rathkes pouch
what occurs when the lateral ventricles of the brain merge into one ventricle
tele cephalic vesicle
what can defective cholesterol biosynthesis lead to
smith-lemli-opitz syndrome
what occurs when the cephalic part of the neural tube fails to close
exencephaly
what is hydrocephalus typically due to
obstruction of the aqueduct of sylvius
where do most pheochromocytoma occur
adrenal medulla
