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LECOM embryology > lect 15- CNS > Flashcards

lect 15- CNS Flashcards

1
Q

where does neural induction first occur

A

cervical region

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2
Q

what gestational days does neural induction occur

A

18-20

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3
Q

when does the rostral neuropore close

A

day 24-25

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4
Q

when does the caudal neuropore close

A

day 27-28

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5
Q

where is the cervical flexure located

A

at the junction of hindbrain and spinal cord

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6
Q

where does the cephalic flexure occur

A

midbrain region

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7
Q

what are the gestational days for the formation of flexures

A

28-32

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8
Q

what embryonic brain region gives rise to the cerebrum

A

telecephalon

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9
Q

what embryonic brain region gives rise to the thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus

A

diencephalon

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10
Q

what embryonic brain region gives rise to the pons and cerebellum

A

metencephalon

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11
Q

what embryonic brain region gives rise to medulla oblongata

A

myelencephalon

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12
Q

what is the most important molecular factor for dorsal axis establishment

A

TGF-beta

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13
Q

what is the most important molecular factor of ventral axis establishment

A

SHH

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14
Q

what type of nuclei are in the alar plate of the myelencephalon

A

sensory

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15
Q

what type of nuclei are in the basal plate of the myelencephalon

A

motor

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16
Q

what ventricle do the basal ganglia develop along

A

3d ventricle

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17
Q

what week of development does forebrain development begin

A

week 5

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18
Q

what does the cortex develop from

A

pallium (ventricular zone)

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19
Q

what molecular factor is most likely mutated with schizencephaly

A

homeobox gene

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20
Q

what disorder occurs when there is herniation of brain regions through the foramen magnum

A

chiari malformations

21
Q

when does the CNS begin and what does it begin as

A

begins at 3rd week as the neural plate

22
Q

what ventricle is the cavity of the rhombencephalon in

A

4th

23
Q

what ventricle is the cavity of the diencephalon in

A

3rd

24
Q

what ventricle is the cerebral hemispheres in

A

lateral ventricles

25
Q

what forms the mantle layer

A

neuroblasts

26
Q

what does the mantle layer form

A

gray matter of spinal cord

27
Q

what is the outermost layer of the spinal cord

A

marginal layer

28
Q

what does the marginal layer form

A

white matter

29
Q

what is the boundary between the basal and alar plates

A

sulcus limitans

30
Q

what is the main signaling molecule for the ventral part of the spinal cord

A

SHH

31
Q

what neurons are in the medial somatic efferent of the basal plate nuclei

A

hypoglossal, abducens, trochlear, and oculomotor nerves

32
Q

what nerves are in the intermediate special visceral afferents of the basal plate nuclei of the myelencephalpon

A

accessory, vagus, and glossopharyngeal

33
Q

what nerves are in the alar plate nuclei of the myelencephalon

A

glossopharyngeal and vestibulocochlear

34
Q

what does the posterior colliculus of the mesencephalon serve as

A

synaptic relay stations for auditory reflexes

35
Q

what does the anterior colliculus of the mesencephalon serve as

A

correlation and reflex center for visual impulses

36
Q

what are the 2 parts that the corpus striatum are divided into

A

caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus

37
Q

what is the motor cortex of the cerebral cortex characterized by (cells)

A

pyramidal cells

38
Q

what is the sensory area of the cerebral cortex characterized by (cells)

A

granular cells

39
Q

what does the alar plate of the diencephalon form

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

40
Q

what does the roof plate of the diencephalon form

A

choroid plexus of 3rd ventricle

41
Q

what does the most caudal part of the roof plate of the diencephalon form

A

pineal gland/epiphysis

42
Q

what occurs when a small portion of rathke’s pouch persists in the roof of the pharynx

A

pharyngeal hypophysis

43
Q

what do craniopharyngiomas arise from

A

remnants of rathkes pouch

44
Q

what occurs when the lateral ventricles of the brain merge into one ventricle

A

tele cephalic vesicle

45
Q

what can defective cholesterol biosynthesis lead to

A

smith-lemli-opitz syndrome

46
Q

what occurs when the cephalic part of the neural tube fails to close

A

exencephaly

47
Q

what is hydrocephalus typically due to

A

obstruction of the aqueduct of sylvius

48
Q

where do most pheochromocytoma occur

A

adrenal medulla

LECOM embryology (11 decks)

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