Lect 10 & 11- Development Of Urogenital System. Flashcards
1
Q
what do both the urinary and genital systems develop from
A
intermediate mesoderm
2
Q
what cavity do the excretory ducts of both the urinary and genital system enter
A
cloaca
3
Q
what type of sequence do the 3 kidney system develop
A
cranial-to-caudal
4
Q
what part of the kidney system appears early in week 4
A
pronephros
5
Q
what is the 3rd kidney system to develop
A
metanephros
6
Q
what kidney system becomes the permanent kidney
A
metanephros
7
Q
what part of the intermediate mesoderm does the pronephros arise from
A
nephrogenic cord
8
Q
what is the lateral longitudinal collecting duct
A
mesonephric (wolffian) duct
9
Q
when does the renal corpuscle form
A
4th week
10
Q
when is the urogenital ridge formed by
A
10 week
11
Q
when does the metanephros form
A
5th week
12
Q
what is the utereric bud an outgrowth from
A
mesonephric duct
13
Q
what do the collecting ducts of the metanephros develop from
A
utereric bud
14
Q
what does the initial bifurcation of the utereric bud form
A
primitive renal pelvis
15
Q
what is a mass of cells that is capable of growth and regeneration into organs or body parts
A
blastema
16
Q
what forms the major and minor calyces of the kidneys
A
continual bifurcation of the utereric bud and coalescing
17
Q
what all does the ureteric bud give rise to
A
ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calyces, and collecting tubules
18
Q
what is the functional unit of the kidney
A
nephron
19
Q
where do capillaries grow in order to form the glomerulus
A
into the Proximal end of the S-shaped tubule
20
Q
when does urine production begin
A
12th week
21
Q
what levels does the kidney start and end (ascent)
A
from S1-S2 to T12-L3
22
Q
when does the ascent of the kidneys occur
A
weeks 6-9
23
Q
where does the hilum start and end after with rotation
A
goes from ventral surface to medial surface
24
Q
when do the nephrons become functional
A
12 weeks
25
what eliminates waste product during fetal life
placenta (not the kidney)
26
what is the bladder continuous with
allantois
27
what does the allantois form once it loses its lumen at birth
urachus
28
what 2 components does the cloaca divide into
urogenital sinus and anal canal
29
what forms when the lumen of the intraembryonic allantois persists, allowing urine to drain into the umbilicus
urachal fistula
30
what happens when only a small portion of the allantois remains
urachal cyst may form
31
what happens if only the upper portion of the allantois persists
urachal sinus may form
32
what does the dorsal/inferior portion of the urorectal septum become
rectum and anal canal
33
what does the ventral/superior portion of the urorectal septum become
develops into bladder and urogenital sinus
34
what does the urogenital sinus give rise to in general
lower urogenital tract
35
what does the urogenital sinus give rise to in males
prostatic and penile urethra in males
36
what does the urogenital sinus give rise to in females
urethra and lower vagina
37
where does a pelvic kidney remain close to
common iliac artery
38
what is the ascent of a horseshoe kidney blocked by
inferior mesenteric artery
39
what is the most common type of kidney cancer
wilms tumor
40
what mutation occurs with wilms tumor
WTI gene mutation
41
what micro deletion occurs with WAGR syndrome and on what chromosome
chromosome 11 involving WTI and PAX6
42
what are the characteristics that occur with WAGR syndrome
wilm's tumor, aniridia, gonadoblastoma, retardation
43
what mutation is the cause of multi cystic dysplastic kidney
GDNF mutation
44
what fails in multi cystic dysplastic kidney
failure of nephron to develop and failure of ureteric bud to branch (results in renal agenesis)
45
what chromosome does ARPKD on
chromosome 6
46
what is the most common and second most common chromosome for ADPKD
16 is most 4 is second most
47
how low is the indifferent stage of gestation
first 7 weeks
48
what do nerve cells arise from
epiblast
49
when do germ cells arise at the genital ridge
week 5/6
50
what hormones suppresses SOX9 so that the fetus can get ovaries
DAX1
51
what is the most important transcription factor for male sexual differentiation
SRY
52
what is the most important transcription factor for female sexual differentiation
WNT4
53
what do the paramesonephric/mullerian ducts proliferate under the influence of
estrogen
54
what do the paramesonephric ducts develop into
uterine/fallopian tubes, uterus, broad ligament and upper portion of vagina
55
what does the urogenital sinus give rise which is then followed by vacuolization
urogenital plate
56
what is the remnant of the urogenital plate that is found in females
hymen
57
what 2 things joint to form the ejaculatory duct
vas deferens joins duct from seminal vesicle
58
what does the testes-determining factor that SRY codes for initiate
differentiation of sertoli cells
59
what does SRY induce sertoli cells to form
medullar cords and AMH
60
what separates the medullary cords from the surface epithelium
thick layer of CT called tunica albuginea
61
what do leydig cells produce testosterone
testosteron
62
what is essential for the differentiation of genital ducts and external genitalia at week 8
tesosterone
63
what forms the efferent ductules
the excretory tubules of the mesonephros that persists that connect with the rete testes
64
what forms the epididymal duct and vas deferens
mesonephric duct
65
what forms the ejaculatory duct
the duct of the seminal vesicle that merges with the vas deferens
66
what does the remnant of the mullein duct form in males
prostatic utricle
67
when do the testes descend from lumbar region to deep inguinal ring
by week 26
68
what happens when one or both of the testes is undescended
cryptorchidism
69
what does the urethral folds give rise to in males/females
females: labia minora and in males: ventral aspect of penis
70
what does the labioscrotal (genital) swellings give rise to in males/females
males: scrotum and labia major and mons pubis in females
71
what does the phallus give rise to in both males and females
corpora cavernosus
72
what does the phallus give rise to specifically in females
glans clitoris, vestibular bulbs
73
what does the phallus give rise to specifically in males
corpus spongiosum
74
when does hypospadias occur
when there is incomplete closure of the urethral folds in the inferior surface of the penis
75
what makes up the primordial follicle
oogonia and follicular cells
76
what does the broad ligament of the uterus divide the pelvis into
uterorectal pouch and uterovescial pouch
77
what doe SRY and SOX9 induce the testes to secrete
FGF9
78
what elongates to form the clit
genital tubercle
79
what opens to form the vestibule in females
urogenital groove
80
what pulls the testes toward the scrotum
gubernaculum
81
what forms the suspensory ligament of the ovary
cranial genital ligament
82
what forms the ligament of the ovary proper and the round ligament of the uterus
caudal genital ligament
83
what are the characteristics of potter sequence
it is a bilateral renal genesis that is characterized by anuria, oligohyndramnios, and hypo plastic lungs secondary to oligohydramios (may also have flattened face and feet)
84
What ciliopathy is characterized by renal cysts, obesity, intellectual disability and limb defects
bardet-biedl syndrome
85
what ciliopathy is characterized by renal cysts, hydrocephalus, microthalmia, cleft palate, absence of olfactory tract and polydactyly
meckel-gruber syndrome
86
where do accessory renal arteries typically arise from
aorta
87
what category of disorder do exstrophy of bladder and cloaca fall under
ventral body wall defect
88
what defect occurs when the urethral meatus is found on the dorsum of the penis
epispadias
89
what disorder occurs when there is an issue with the adrenal glands that decrease steroid hormone production and increases ACTH
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
90
what occurs when there is a lack of androgen receptors/effective receptors
androgen insensitivity syndrome
91
what occurs with 5-alpha-reductase deficiency
testosterone cannot be converted to dihydrotestosterone and therefore this is ambiguous genitalia in males (may appear to be female with clitoromegaly)
92
describe swyer syndrome
there is point mutation/deletion of SRY resulting in a person that appears to be normal female but do not menstruate and do not develop secondary sexual characteristics at puberty
93
what disorder is characterized by absent oocytes with the ovaries appearing as streak gonads
gonadal dysgenesis
