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LECOM embryology > Lect 10 & 11- Development Of Urogenital System. > Flashcards

Lect 10 & 11- Development Of Urogenital System. Flashcards

1
Q

what do both the urinary and genital systems develop from

A

intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

what cavity do the excretory ducts of both the urinary and genital system enter

A

cloaca

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3
Q

what type of sequence do the 3 kidney system develop

A

cranial-to-caudal

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4
Q

what part of the kidney system appears early in week 4

A

pronephros

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5
Q

what is the 3rd kidney system to develop

A

metanephros

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6
Q

what kidney system becomes the permanent kidney

A

metanephros

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7
Q

what part of the intermediate mesoderm does the pronephros arise from

A

nephrogenic cord

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8
Q

what is the lateral longitudinal collecting duct

A

mesonephric (wolffian) duct

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9
Q

when does the renal corpuscle form

A

4th week

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10
Q

when is the urogenital ridge formed by

A

10 week

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11
Q

when does the metanephros form

A

5th week

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12
Q

what is the utereric bud an outgrowth from

A

mesonephric duct

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13
Q

what do the collecting ducts of the metanephros develop from

A

utereric bud

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14
Q

what does the initial bifurcation of the utereric bud form

A

primitive renal pelvis

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15
Q

what is a mass of cells that is capable of growth and regeneration into organs or body parts

A

blastema

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16
Q

what forms the major and minor calyces of the kidneys

A

continual bifurcation of the utereric bud and coalescing

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17
Q

what all does the ureteric bud give rise to

A

ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calyces, and collecting tubules

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18
Q

what is the functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

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19
Q

where do capillaries grow in order to form the glomerulus

A

into the Proximal end of the S-shaped tubule

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20
Q

when does urine production begin

A

12th week

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21
Q

what levels does the kidney start and end (ascent)

A

from S1-S2 to T12-L3

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22
Q

when does the ascent of the kidneys occur

A

weeks 6-9

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23
Q

where does the hilum start and end after with rotation

A

goes from ventral surface to medial surface

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24
Q

when do the nephrons become functional

A

12 weeks

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25
Q

what eliminates waste product during fetal life

A

placenta (not the kidney)

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26
Q

what is the bladder continuous with

A

allantois

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27
Q

what does the allantois form once it loses its lumen at birth

A

urachus

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28
Q

what 2 components does the cloaca divide into

A

urogenital sinus and anal canal

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29
Q

what forms when the lumen of the intraembryonic allantois persists, allowing urine to drain into the umbilicus

A

urachal fistula

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30
Q

what happens when only a small portion of the allantois remains

A

urachal cyst may form

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31
Q

what happens if only the upper portion of the allantois persists

A

urachal sinus may form

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32
Q

what does the dorsal/inferior portion of the urorectal septum become

A

rectum and anal canal

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33
Q

what does the ventral/superior portion of the urorectal septum become

A

develops into bladder and urogenital sinus

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34
Q

what does the urogenital sinus give rise to in general

A

lower urogenital tract

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35
Q

what does the urogenital sinus give rise to in males

A

prostatic and penile urethra in males

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36
Q

what does the urogenital sinus give rise to in females

A

urethra and lower vagina

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37
Q

where does a pelvic kidney remain close to

A

common iliac artery

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38
Q

what is the ascent of a horseshoe kidney blocked by

A

inferior mesenteric artery

39
Q

what is the most common type of kidney cancer

A

wilms tumor

40
Q

what mutation occurs with wilms tumor

A

WTI gene mutation

41
Q

what micro deletion occurs with WAGR syndrome and on what chromosome

A

chromosome 11 involving WTI and PAX6

42
Q

what are the characteristics that occur with WAGR syndrome

A

wilm’s tumor, aniridia, gonadoblastoma, retardation

43
Q

what mutation is the cause of multi cystic dysplastic kidney

A

GDNF mutation

44
Q

what fails in multi cystic dysplastic kidney

A

failure of nephron to develop and failure of ureteric bud to branch (results in renal agenesis)

45
Q

what chromosome does ARPKD on

A

chromosome 6

46
Q

what is the most common and second most common chromosome for ADPKD

A

16 is most 4 is second most

47
Q

how low is the indifferent stage of gestation

A

first 7 weeks

48
Q

what do nerve cells arise from

A

epiblast

49
Q

when do germ cells arise at the genital ridge

A

week 5/6

50
Q

what hormones suppresses SOX9 so that the fetus can get ovaries

A

DAX1

51
Q

what is the most important transcription factor for male sexual differentiation

A

SRY

52
Q

what is the most important transcription factor for female sexual differentiation

A

WNT4

53
Q

what do the paramesonephric/mullerian ducts proliferate under the influence of

A

estrogen

54
Q

what do the paramesonephric ducts develop into

A

uterine/fallopian tubes, uterus, broad ligament and upper portion of vagina

55
Q

what does the urogenital sinus give rise which is then followed by vacuolization

A

urogenital plate

56
Q

what is the remnant of the urogenital plate that is found in females

A

hymen

57
Q

what 2 things joint to form the ejaculatory duct

A

vas deferens joins duct from seminal vesicle

58
Q

what does the testes-determining factor that SRY codes for initiate

A

differentiation of sertoli cells

59
Q

what does SRY induce sertoli cells to form

A

medullar cords and AMH

60
Q

what separates the medullary cords from the surface epithelium

A

thick layer of CT called tunica albuginea

61
Q

what do leydig cells produce testosterone

A

testosteron

62
Q

what is essential for the differentiation of genital ducts and external genitalia at week 8

A

tesosterone

63
Q

what forms the efferent ductules

A

the excretory tubules of the mesonephros that persists that connect with the rete testes

64
Q

what forms the epididymal duct and vas deferens

A

mesonephric duct

65
Q

what forms the ejaculatory duct

A

the duct of the seminal vesicle that merges with the vas deferens

66
Q

what does the remnant of the mullein duct form in males

A

prostatic utricle

67
Q

when do the testes descend from lumbar region to deep inguinal ring

A

by week 26

68
Q

what happens when one or both of the testes is undescended

A

cryptorchidism

69
Q

what does the urethral folds give rise to in males/females

A

females: labia minora and in males: ventral aspect of penis

70
Q

what does the labioscrotal (genital) swellings give rise to in males/females

A

males: scrotum and labia major and mons pubis in females

71
Q

what does the phallus give rise to in both males and females

A

corpora cavernosus

72
Q

what does the phallus give rise to specifically in females

A

glans clitoris, vestibular bulbs

73
Q

what does the phallus give rise to specifically in males

A

corpus spongiosum

74
Q

when does hypospadias occur

A

when there is incomplete closure of the urethral folds in the inferior surface of the penis

75
Q

what makes up the primordial follicle

A

oogonia and follicular cells

76
Q

what does the broad ligament of the uterus divide the pelvis into

A

uterorectal pouch and uterovescial pouch

77
Q

what doe SRY and SOX9 induce the testes to secrete

A

FGF9

78
Q

what elongates to form the clit

A

genital tubercle

79
Q

what opens to form the vestibule in females

A

urogenital groove

80
Q

what pulls the testes toward the scrotum

A

gubernaculum

81
Q

what forms the suspensory ligament of the ovary

A

cranial genital ligament

82
Q

what forms the ligament of the ovary proper and the round ligament of the uterus

A

caudal genital ligament

83
Q

what are the characteristics of potter sequence

A

it is a bilateral renal genesis that is characterized by anuria, oligohyndramnios, and hypo plastic lungs secondary to oligohydramios (may also have flattened face and feet)

84
Q

What ciliopathy is characterized by renal cysts, obesity, intellectual disability and limb defects

A

bardet-biedl syndrome

85
Q

what ciliopathy is characterized by renal cysts, hydrocephalus, microthalmia, cleft palate, absence of olfactory tract and polydactyly

A

meckel-gruber syndrome

86
Q

where do accessory renal arteries typically arise from

A

aorta

87
Q

what category of disorder do exstrophy of bladder and cloaca fall under

A

ventral body wall defect

88
Q

what defect occurs when the urethral meatus is found on the dorsum of the penis

A

epispadias

89
Q

what disorder occurs when there is an issue with the adrenal glands that decrease steroid hormone production and increases ACTH

A

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

90
Q

what occurs when there is a lack of androgen receptors/effective receptors

A

androgen insensitivity syndrome

91
Q

what occurs with 5-alpha-reductase deficiency

A

testosterone cannot be converted to dihydrotestosterone and therefore this is ambiguous genitalia in males (may appear to be female with clitoromegaly)

92
Q

describe swyer syndrome

A

there is point mutation/deletion of SRY resulting in a person that appears to be normal female but do not menstruate and do not develop secondary sexual characteristics at puberty

93
Q

what disorder is characterized by absent oocytes with the ovaries appearing as streak gonads

A

gonadal dysgenesis

LECOM embryology (11 decks)

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