Lect 10 & 11- Development Of Urogenital System. Flashcards
what do both the urinary and genital systems develop from
intermediate mesoderm
what cavity do the excretory ducts of both the urinary and genital system enter
cloaca
what type of sequence do the 3 kidney system develop
cranial-to-caudal
what part of the kidney system appears early in week 4
pronephros
what is the 3rd kidney system to develop
metanephros
what kidney system becomes the permanent kidney
metanephros
what part of the intermediate mesoderm does the pronephros arise from
nephrogenic cord
what is the lateral longitudinal collecting duct
mesonephric (wolffian) duct
when does the renal corpuscle form
4th week
when is the urogenital ridge formed by
10 week
when does the metanephros form
5th week
what is the utereric bud an outgrowth from
mesonephric duct
what do the collecting ducts of the metanephros develop from
utereric bud
what does the initial bifurcation of the utereric bud form
primitive renal pelvis
what is a mass of cells that is capable of growth and regeneration into organs or body parts
blastema
what forms the major and minor calyces of the kidneys
continual bifurcation of the utereric bud and coalescing
what all does the ureteric bud give rise to
ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calyces, and collecting tubules
what is the functional unit of the kidney
nephron
where do capillaries grow in order to form the glomerulus
into the Proximal end of the S-shaped tubule
when does urine production begin
12th week
what levels does the kidney start and end (ascent)
from S1-S2 to T12-L3
when does the ascent of the kidneys occur
weeks 6-9
where does the hilum start and end after with rotation
goes from ventral surface to medial surface
when do the nephrons become functional
12 weeks
what eliminates waste product during fetal life
placenta (not the kidney)
what is the bladder continuous with
allantois
what does the allantois form once it loses its lumen at birth
urachus
what 2 components does the cloaca divide into
urogenital sinus and anal canal
what forms when the lumen of the intraembryonic allantois persists, allowing urine to drain into the umbilicus
urachal fistula
what happens when only a small portion of the allantois remains
urachal cyst may form
what happens if only the upper portion of the allantois persists
urachal sinus may form
what does the dorsal/inferior portion of the urorectal septum become
rectum and anal canal
what does the ventral/superior portion of the urorectal septum become
develops into bladder and urogenital sinus
what does the urogenital sinus give rise to in general
lower urogenital tract
what does the urogenital sinus give rise to in males
prostatic and penile urethra in males
what does the urogenital sinus give rise to in females
urethra and lower vagina
where does a pelvic kidney remain close to
common iliac artery
what is the ascent of a horseshoe kidney blocked by
inferior mesenteric artery
what is the most common type of kidney cancer
wilms tumor
what mutation occurs with wilms tumor
WTI gene mutation
what micro deletion occurs with WAGR syndrome and on what chromosome
chromosome 11 involving WTI and PAX6
what are the characteristics that occur with WAGR syndrome
wilm’s tumor, aniridia, gonadoblastoma, retardation
what mutation is the cause of multi cystic dysplastic kidney
GDNF mutation
what fails in multi cystic dysplastic kidney
failure of nephron to develop and failure of ureteric bud to branch (results in renal agenesis)
what chromosome does ARPKD on
chromosome 6
what is the most common and second most common chromosome for ADPKD
16 is most 4 is second most
how low is the indifferent stage of gestation
first 7 weeks
what do nerve cells arise from
epiblast
when do germ cells arise at the genital ridge
week 5/6
what hormones suppresses SOX9 so that the fetus can get ovaries
DAX1
what is the most important transcription factor for male sexual differentiation
SRY
what is the most important transcription factor for female sexual differentiation
WNT4
what do the paramesonephric/mullerian ducts proliferate under the influence of
estrogen
what do the paramesonephric ducts develop into
uterine/fallopian tubes, uterus, broad ligament and upper portion of vagina
what does the urogenital sinus give rise which is then followed by vacuolization
urogenital plate
what is the remnant of the urogenital plate that is found in females
hymen
what 2 things joint to form the ejaculatory duct
vas deferens joins duct from seminal vesicle
what does the testes-determining factor that SRY codes for initiate
differentiation of sertoli cells
what does SRY induce sertoli cells to form
medullar cords and AMH
what separates the medullary cords from the surface epithelium
thick layer of CT called tunica albuginea
what do leydig cells produce testosterone
testosteron
what is essential for the differentiation of genital ducts and external genitalia at week 8
tesosterone
what forms the efferent ductules
the excretory tubules of the mesonephros that persists that connect with the rete testes
what forms the epididymal duct and vas deferens
mesonephric duct
what forms the ejaculatory duct
the duct of the seminal vesicle that merges with the vas deferens
what does the remnant of the mullein duct form in males
prostatic utricle
when do the testes descend from lumbar region to deep inguinal ring
by week 26
what happens when one or both of the testes is undescended
cryptorchidism
what does the urethral folds give rise to in males/females
females: labia minora and in males: ventral aspect of penis
what does the labioscrotal (genital) swellings give rise to in males/females
males: scrotum and labia major and mons pubis in females
what does the phallus give rise to in both males and females
corpora cavernosus
what does the phallus give rise to specifically in females
glans clitoris, vestibular bulbs
what does the phallus give rise to specifically in males
corpus spongiosum
when does hypospadias occur
when there is incomplete closure of the urethral folds in the inferior surface of the penis
what makes up the primordial follicle
oogonia and follicular cells
what does the broad ligament of the uterus divide the pelvis into
uterorectal pouch and uterovescial pouch
what doe SRY and SOX9 induce the testes to secrete
FGF9
what elongates to form the clit
genital tubercle
what opens to form the vestibule in females
urogenital groove
what pulls the testes toward the scrotum
gubernaculum
what forms the suspensory ligament of the ovary
cranial genital ligament
what forms the ligament of the ovary proper and the round ligament of the uterus
caudal genital ligament
what are the characteristics of potter sequence
it is a bilateral renal genesis that is characterized by anuria, oligohyndramnios, and hypo plastic lungs secondary to oligohydramios (may also have flattened face and feet)
What ciliopathy is characterized by renal cysts, obesity, intellectual disability and limb defects
bardet-biedl syndrome
what ciliopathy is characterized by renal cysts, hydrocephalus, microthalmia, cleft palate, absence of olfactory tract and polydactyly
meckel-gruber syndrome
where do accessory renal arteries typically arise from
aorta
what category of disorder do exstrophy of bladder and cloaca fall under
ventral body wall defect
what defect occurs when the urethral meatus is found on the dorsum of the penis
epispadias
what disorder occurs when there is an issue with the adrenal glands that decrease steroid hormone production and increases ACTH
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
what occurs when there is a lack of androgen receptors/effective receptors
androgen insensitivity syndrome
what occurs with 5-alpha-reductase deficiency
testosterone cannot be converted to dihydrotestosterone and therefore this is ambiguous genitalia in males (may appear to be female with clitoromegaly)
describe swyer syndrome
there is point mutation/deletion of SRY resulting in a person that appears to be normal female but do not menstruate and do not develop secondary sexual characteristics at puberty
what disorder is characterized by absent oocytes with the ovaries appearing as streak gonads
gonadal dysgenesis
