Pump Operators Book Flashcards
For pumps larger than 750 gpm, standard pump capacities are found in increments of
250 GPM
NFPA 1901, specifies that the minimum pump capacity for automotive fire apparatus is
750 GPM
Fire apparatus are classified according to the _________ for which they are designed.
Functions
NFPA 1582 recommends rejecting any firefighter candidate who has a hearing loss of ______ decibels or more at frequencies of _____, _____, _____ Hz in the unaided ear.
40, 500-1000-2000
NFPA 1582, requires that firefighters have a corrected far visual acuity of ________ with contact lenses or spectacles.
20/40
Municipal fire department pumpers rarely have pump capacities exceeding
2,000 gpm
Industrial fire pumpers frequently have pump capacities in excess of
2,000 gpm
_______ feature all the standard engine company equipment but also carry a larger than standard amount of rescue and extrication equipment.
Rescue pumpers
Class A
Ordinary combustibles
Class B
Flammable and combustible liquids and gases
Most INDUSTRIAL foam pumpers are primarily intended to produce large quantities of foam solution to attack Class ___ fires and suppress vapors in spills.
B
Most INDUSTRIAL foam pumpers have large foam concentrate tanks on board. These tanks range from _____ to _____ gallons.
500 to 1,000
Onboard foam tanks can be filled from ______ gallon (20 L) containers.
5
The most common size foam tanks for MUNICIPAL fire apparatus range from ____ to ______ gallons (80 to 400 L).
20 to 100
Elevating water devices typically range in height from _____ to ______ feet.
50 to 75
Manufacturers and FD typically use two categorial descriptions for initial attack fire apparatus:
minipumpers & midipumpers
Most minimpumpers have pumps with a capacity of no larger than _____ gpm, although some may have pumps rated up to _______ gpm.
500 , 1,000
Midipumpers also called _________
interface engines
Midipumpers are built on a chassis usually over _______ pounds.
12,000
The main difference between a midipumper and a minipumper are:
size, pump capacity, and the amount of equipment carried.
Midipumpers routinely are equipped with pumps as large as ______ gpm.
1,000
__________ known as tenders or tankers, are widely used to transport water to areas beyond a water system or to areas where water supply is inadequate.
Mobile water supply apparatus
According to NFPA 1901, the apparatus must carry at least _______ gallons to be considered a mobile water supply apparatus.
1,000
The weight distribution and load requirements, pertaining to water supply apparatus, generally limit tank capacity to _______ gallons or less for single rear-axle vehicles.
1,500
Apparatus designed to perform the functions of both pumper and mobile water supply apparatus are sometimes called _______ or ________.
tactical tenders or attack tenders
The majority of wild land fire apparatus, also known as brush trucks, brush breakers or booster apparatus, usually have pump capacities and water tank sizes of less than _____ gallons.
500
Most wildland fire vehicles carry booster hose, forestry hose, or small diameter attack lines (typically _____ inch and _______ inch
1-inch and 1 1/2 inch
Booster tanks for wildland apparatus vary from as little as _____ gallons to in excess of _______ gallons.
20 to 1,000
The ICS, as defined by NIMS, categorizes pumping apparatus (including water tenders) by ________. This method is called ________.
capability. apparatus typing.
Fire boats have been built to deliver as much as _________ gpm.
26,000
Apparatus equipped with an aerial device, ground ladders, fire pump, water tank, and fire hose are commonly referred to as _______.
quints
NFPA 1901 specifies that the minimum pump capacity for an aerial apparatus shall be _____ gpm at ______ psi.
250 , 150
Departments that want the aerial apparatus to have the same capabilities as a standard engine company may specify pumps as large as _______ gpm.
2,000
Typically, on ladder tenders, the capacity of the water tank does not exceed ________ gallons and the pumps do not produce more than about ______ gpm.
300, 300
Engine tenders generally have a pump with a rated capacity of _____ gpm.
500
The _______ is a step-up transformer that converts the vehicle’s 12- or 24-volt DC current into 110- or 200-volt AC current.
inverter
Inverters are generally capable of providing ______ watts or more of electric power.
1,500
________ are the most common power source used for emergency services.
Generators
Portable generators are designed with a variety of power capabilities, with _______ watts of power being the largest.
5,000
Vehicle mounted generators generally have 110- and 220-volt capabilities; capacities up to _______ watts.
12,000
______ generators usually provide more power than portables.
Fixed
Rescue vehicles commonly have larger generators than pumpers. Capacities of _______ watts or more are common.
50,000
Lighting equipment can be divided into two categories:
portable and fixed
Portable lights range from _____ to ______ watts.
300 to 1,000
____ lights are mounted to the vehicle, and their main fucntion is to provide overall lighting of the emergency scene.
Fixed
The most common size cable is a :
12-gauge, 3-wire type
The most commonly used tools are:
Powered hydraulic extrication tools
There are four basic types of hydraulic tools used by the fire rescue service:
spreaders, shears, combination spreader/shears, and extension rams
Most hydraulic power units are not capable of operating the tool at full speed when the hose length between the pump and tool exceeds:
100 feet
______, as used here, means keeping apparatus in a state of usefulness or readiness.
Maintance
______ means to restore or replace that which has become inoperable.
Repair
_______ the exterior of the apparatus is the most commonly performed fucntion.
Washing
During the first ______ months after an apparatus is received, while the paint and protective coating are new and unseasoned, the vehcile should be washed frequently with cold water to harden the paint and keep it from spotting.
Six
In reference to washing the apparatus, the water pressure should be set so that the stream from the end of the hose is no more than_____ foot in length.
1
If apparatus require waxes or polishes, they generally should not be applied until the paint is at least ____ months old.
6
The first portion of the vehicle specifically checked should be the _____ (driver’s) side of the front, or cab of the vehicle.
left
The speedometer should be at or very near _____ with the truck parked.
zero
As a rule of thumb, it is generally best to keep the fuel tank at least ________ full at all times.
three-quarters
Appropriate hearing protection should be worn if any personnel will be exposed to noise levels in excess of ___ decibels.
90
The _______ turns various lights on at specified intervals so that the start-up electrical load for all of the devices does not occur at the same time.
load sequencer
The _______ “watches” the system for added electrical loads that threaten to overload the system.
load monitor
When an overload condition occurs, the load monitor will shut down less important electrical equipment to prevent the overload. This is referred to as __________.
load shedding
______ is the distance that the pedal must be pushed before the throw-out bearing actually contacts the clutch release fingers.
Free play
In general, steering wheel play should be no more than about ____ degrees in either direction.
10
An NFPA 1901 braking test requires that new apparatus be brought to a complete stop from a speed of _____ mph in a distance not to exceed _____ feet.
20 mph , 35 feet
The parking brake should be capable of holding the appratus on a grade of up to _____ percent.
20
Apparatus with air brakes are to be equipped with an air pressure protection valve that prevents the air horn from being operated when the pressure in the air reservoir drops below ____ psi.
80
To test the road brakes, allow the apparatus to move forward at about ____ mph. Should come to a complete stop at ____ ft.
5, 20
Switches on battery charger should be in the ____ position when not in use.
OFF
The starter controls should be operated in intervals of no more than _____ seconds, with a rest of _____ seconds between each try if the vehicle does not start sooner.
30 , 60
If the oil pressure gauge does not indicate any reasonable amount of oil pressure within ____ to ____ seconds of starting the apparatus, stop the engine immediately and have the lubricating system checked by a trained mechanic.
5 to 10
When driving downhill, select a lower gear ______ starting downhill.
before
_____ occurs when the throttle is applied while the transmission is in too high a gear for a given set of conditions.
Lugging
Long idling periods can result in the use of _____ gallon (2 L) of fuel per hour.
1/2
When the engine must be left idling for an extended period of time because of extremely cold weather or during floodlight operations, set it to idle at ______ to ______ rpm rather than lower speeds.
900 to 1,100
Most apparatus accidents occur at _______.
intersections
The ________ is the sum of the driver/operator’s reaction distance and the vehicle’s braking distance.
total stopping distance
Driver/operator _______ is the distance a vehicle travels while a driver is transferring the foot from the accelerator to the brake pedal after perceiving the need for stopping.
reaction distance
The ________ is the distance the vehicle travels from the time the brakes are applied until the apparatus comes to a complete stop.
braking distance
Apparatus should be driven in the _____ lane on city streets.
fast
A siren operating on an emergency vehicle moving at 40 mph can project ______ feet in front of the vehcile.
300
At a speed of 60 mph however, the siren is only audible _____ feet or less in front of the vehicle.
12
When more than one emergency vehicle is responding along the same route, units should travel at least _____ to _____ feet.
300 to 500
Pertaining to the Alley Dock exercise, the boundary lines for the restricted area should be ______ feet wide, similar to curb-to-curb distance.
40
_____ is always the first tatctical priority at any fire incident.
Life safety
Apparatus should be positioned ______ of the fire.
upwind
Another important consideration when determining a good position for attack pumpers is the condition of the _______ and the potential for a _______.
fire building , structural collapse
The collapse zone is equal to at least ______ times the height of the building.
one and one-half
Ornamental stars indicate a high _______ potential.
collapse
If the building is less than five stories tall, engine companies are positioned on the side of the street _____ to the building and aerials are positioned ______ of the engine.
closest , outboard
If the building is higher than five stories, the engines take the _____ position and the aerials are positioned next to the building.
outside
Minimizing _________ provides better discharge capabilities and should be a primary consideration.
lift distances
In most jurisdictions, the most common water supply source is a _________.
fire hydrant
The preferred type of hose for connection to a fire hydrant is __________.
large diameter intake hose
Intake hose sections are commonly ____ to _____ feet.
10 to 50
A good way to minimize kinks in soft intake hose is to put ________ in the hose when making the connection between the hydrant and the pumper.
two full twists
When using front or rear intake connections, the vehicle should be aimed or angled in the direction of the hydrant. This angle should be _______ degrees or less.
45
The main disadvantage of connecting to the 2 1/2 inch outlet is that it _____________.
limits the amount of water that can be supplied.
In a tandem pumping operation it is possible to pump water at a __________ pressure than the hose can withstand.
greater
To set up for tandem pumping, the two engines may be positioned as much as _____ feet (90 m) apart.
300
The two most common functions for wildland fire apparatus are _______ and _________.
providing structural protection and making a direct attack on the fire.
After life safety, the highest priority for most wild land fire fighting operations is the _________.
protection of structures that are exposed to the fire.
Wildland engines must remain _______.
mobile
_______ should precede wildland engines when driving through smoke.
Spotters
When apparatus is used in mobile attack, hoselines should be kept as ______ as possible.
short
Pertaining to wildland firefighting, it is safest to operate in the ________ (burned area).
black
The command post should afford a view of ______ sides of the building.
two
Two types of equipment are used to refill SCBA cylinders on the scene:
cascade systems and breathing air compressors, or combination thereof.
The two primary types of EMS vehicles that may respond to fire scenes are :
rapid response units (non transport) and ambulances (transport).
_______ staging my be used on any emergency response where two or more companies are dispatched.
Level I
______ staging is used when numerous emergency vehicles will be responding to the same incident.
Level II
Also consider positioning additional apparatus _____ to ______ behind the shielding apparatus to act as an additional barrier between firefighters and the flow of traffic.
150 to 200
The ________ is an area surrounding the incident that is closest to the release and may have been contaminated by the released material.
hot zone (a.k.a restricted zone, exclusion zone, or red zone)
The ________ is an area abutting the hot zone and extending to the cold zone.
warm zone (aka contamination reduction zone, limited-access zone, or yellow zone)
Decontamination usually takes place within a corridor located in the ______ zone.
warm
More than ____ percent of the calls to which most fire departments respond are emergency medical incidents.
60
______ is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen formed when two hydrogen atoms combine with one oxygen atom.
Water
Below 32*F water converts to a solid state of matter called ____.
ice
Above 212*F, water converts into a gas called _____ or _____.
water vapor or steam
Water’s _______, or its weight per unit of volume, is measured in pounds per cubic foot (kg/L).
density
Water is heaviest close to its _____ point.
freezing
Water is lightest close to its _____ point.
boiling
For fire protection purposes, ordinary fresh water is generally considered to weigh _____ lb/ft3 or _____ lb/gal.
62.5 or 8.33
The primary way water extinguishes fire is by _____, or absorbing heat from the fire.
cooling
Another way is by _____ (excluding oxygen)
smothering
As an extinguishing agent, water depends on the following:
- Specific Heat
- Latent Heat of Vaporization
- Exposed Surface Area
- Specific Gravity
_______ is a measure of the heat-absorbing capacity of a substance.
Specific heat
Amounts of heat transfer are measured in ______ or ______.
British thermal units (Btu) or in joules (J).
The _____, also a unit of work, has taken place of he calorie in the SI (International System of Units) heat measurement.
joule
1 calorie = ______ joules
4.19
It takes _____ times as much heat to raise the temperature of one pound of water 1 degree F as it does an equal amount of carbon dioxide.
five
The _______ is the quantity of heat absorbed by a substance when it changes from a liquid to a vapor.
latent heat of vaporization
At sea level, water begins to boil or vaporize at ______ *F
212
Each pound of water requires approximately _____ Btu of additional heat to completely convert into steam.
970
A gallon of water weighs ______ pounds.
8.33
The amount of heat a combustible object can produce depends upon the ______ from which it is composed.
material
The speed with which water absorbs heat ______ in proportion to the water surface exposed to the heat.
increases
At 212*F water expands approximately ______ times its original volume.
1,700
Water converted to steam expands ______ times.
1,700
______ is the tendency of a liquid to possess internal resistance to flow.
Viscosity
The density of liquids in relation to water is known as ________.
specific gravity
Water is given a value of ____.
1
Liquids with a specific gravity less than 1 are _______ than water and therefore float on water.
lighter
Most flammable liquids have a specific gravity of ______ 1.
less than
Those with a specific gravity greater than 1 are ______ than water and sink to the bottom.
heavier
____ is defined as force per unit.
Pressure
The weight of 1 cubic foot of water is approximately ______ pounds.
62.5
The speed at which fluid travels is often referred to as _______.
velocity
First Principle: Fluid pressure is perpendicular to any surface on which it acts.
True
Second Principle: Fluid pressure at a point in a fluid at rest is the same intensity in all directions.
True
Third Principle: Pressure applied to a confined fluid from without is transmitted equally in all directions.
True
Fourth Principle: The pressure of a liquid in an open vessel is proportional to its depth.
True
At sea level, the atmosphere exerts a pressure of _____ psi, which is considered standard atmospheric pressure.
14.7
Any pressure less than atmospheric pressure is called ______.
vacuum
Absolute zero pressure is called a _______.
perfect vacuum
______ in the fire service refers to the height of a water supply above the discharge orifice.
Head
The water flow definition of ________ is stored potential energy available to force water through pipe, fittings, fire hose, and adapters.
static pressure
_____ means at rest of without motion.
Static
The pressure of a fluid on the bottom of a container is ________ of the containers shape.
independent
______ is that pressure found in a water distribution system during normal consumption demands.
Normal operating pressure
_____ is that part of the total available pressure not used to overcome friction lsos or gravity while forcing water through pipe, fittings, fire hose, and adapters.
Residual pressure
_______ is that forward velocity pressure at a discharge opening while water is flowing.
Flow pressure
_____ refers to the center line of the pump or the bottom of a static water supply source above or below ground level.
Elevation
_____ is the position of an object above or below sea level.
Altitude
When the nozzle is above the pump, there is a pressure _____.
loss
When the nozzle is below the pump, there is a pressure _____.
gain
Both pressuer loss and presure gain are referred to as ______.
elevation pressure.
Above sea level, atmospheric pressure decreases approximately ____ psi for every _____ feet.
0.5 , 1000
The common term for pressure loss due to friction is simply ______.
friction loss
The difference in pressure in a fire hose between a nozzle and a pumper is a good example of _______.
friction loss
With all other variables the same, the friction loss varies with the _______ of the hose.
length
When the diameter of the hose doubles, the area of the hose opening increases approximately _____ times.
four
When a nozzle is attached to the end of the hose, the volume of water flowing is _______.
decreased
Realistically, hose larger than ____ inches in diameter cannot be used for handlines.
3
The primary water supply can be obtained from either _______ or _______.
surface water or groundwater.
There are three methods of moving water in a system:
Direct pumping system
Gravity system
Combinations system
_______ systems use one or more pumps that take wate from the primary source and discharge it through the filtration and treatment proceses.
Direct pumping systems
A _______ uses a primary water source located at a higher elevation than the distribution system.
gravity system
Most communities use a combination of the ______ and ______ systems.
direct pumping and gravity
A _____ system is used where the water source is elevated.
gravity
A fire hydrant taht receives water from only one direction is known as a ______.
dead-end hyrdrant
When a fire hydrant receives water from two or more directions, it is said to have a _______ or ______.
circulating feed or looped line
Large pipes (mains), with relatively widespread spacing, that convey large quantities of water to various points of the system for local distribution to teh smaller mains:
Primary feeders
Network of intermediate sized pipes that reinforce the grid within the various loops of the primary feeder system and aid the concentration of the required fire flow at any point:
Seondary feeders
Grid arrangements of smaller mains serving individual fire hydrants and blocks of consumers:
Distributors
In residential areas, the recommended size for fire hydrant supply mains is at least _____ inches in diameter.
6
In the business and industrial districts, the miniumum recommended size is an _____ inch main with cross-connecting mains every _____ feet.
8 , 600
At speeds above____ mph, an emergency vehicle may “out-run” the effective range of its audible warning device.
50
The funtion of a _____ in a water distribution system is to provide a means for controlling the flow of water through the distribution piping.
valve
Valves for water systems are broadly divided into _____ and _______ types.
indicating and nonindicating
Two common indicator valves are the ______ and the _____ valve.
PIV and OS&Y
The _____ has a yoke on the outside with a threaded stem that controls the gate’s opening for closing
OS&Y
The valve disk rotates ____ degrees from the fully open to the tight-shut position.
90
_______ valves are common in private water supply systems.
Butterfly
The _______ is the average of the total amount of water used in a water distribution system over the period of one year.
average daily consumption (ADC)
The ______ is the maximum total amount of water that was used during any 24-hour interval within a 3-year period.
maximum daily consumption (MDC)
The ______ is the maximum amount of water used in any 1-hour interval over the course of a day.
peak hourly consumption (PHC)
The maximum daily consumption is normally about ______ times the average daily consumption.
one and one-half
In general, the private water supply system exists for one ofthe three following purposes:
- To provide water strictly for fire protection
- To provide water for sanitary and fire protection
- To provide water for fire protection and manufacturing processes.
Most commonly, private water supply systems receive their water from a _____ water supply system.
municipal
A ______ can be defiend as a stream of water or extinguishing agent after it leaves a nozzle until it reaches the desired point.
fire stream
The fire service utilizes three basic types of fire streams:
- solid
- fog
- broken
A ______ is a fire stream produced from a fixed orifice, smoothbore nozzle.
solid stream
The nozzle ______ and the _______ of the discharge opening determine the flow and stream reach from a solid stream nozzle.
pressure, size
When solid stream nozzles are used on handlines, they should be operated at _____ psi.
50
A solid stream master stream device should be operated at ____ psi.
80
The line bounding a rounded surface; the outward boundary of an object distinguished from its internal regions:
Periphery
A turning or state of being turned; a turning from a straight line or given course; a bending; a deviation:
Deflection
To strike or dash about or against; clashing with a sharp collision; to come together with force:
Impinge
The reach of the fog stream is dependent on the _____ of the stream.
width
Most constant flow nozzles utilize a _____ stream.
periphery-deflected
Narrow Angle stream _____ degrees.
30
Wide Angle stream ____ degrees.
60
The minimum flow setting for interior structural fire fighting is _____ gpm.
95-100
The most common variable flow nozzles in use today are ________.
automatic nozzles
Most fog nozzles are designed for a _____ psi discharge.
100
Within its desing limits, an automatic nozzle maintains a constant nozzle pressure of approximately ____ psi.
100
High pressure fog nozzles operate a pressures up to ____ psi.
800
High pressure nozzles and lines are best suited for fighting ______ fires.
wildland
Generally, _____ gpm is the maximum amount of water that can safely flow through a handline nozzle.
350
Flows greater than ____ gpm produce nozzle reactions that can make the hoselines difficult and dangerous for firefighters to handle.
350
The term ______ is applied to any fire stream that is too large to be controlled wihout mechanical aid.
master stream
Smoothbore master streams are usually operated at ____ psi and fog master streams at ____ psi.
80 , 100
Master stream flows are usually ____ gpm or greater.
350
Master streams are most often used in _____ attack mode.
defensive
There are four basic categories of master stream devices:
- Monitor
- Turret pipe
- Deluge set
- Elevated master stream
Three basic types of monitors:
- fixed
- portable
- combination
The ______, sometimes called a deck gun or turret, is permanently mounted on the apparatus.
fixed monitor
The _____ is also sometimes called a deck gun or deck pipe.
turret
_______ are those large-capacity nozzles that are designed to be placed on the end of an aerial device.
Elevated master streams
A _____ is a master stream device used in conjunction with aerial ladders.
ladder pipe
Most modern aerial ladders have _____ waterways.
preplumbed
While some are also called _______, cellar nozzles are often used on basement fires.
distributors
A water curtain is only effective in absorbing ______ heat from a fire.
convected
The piercing nozzle is generally a ___ to ___ foot hollow steel rod 1 1/2 inches in diameter.
3 to 6
As water is discharged from a nozzle at a given pressure, a force pushes back on the firefighters handling the hoseline. This counterforce is known as _______.
nozzle reaction
Nearly all fog nozzles are designed to operate at a nozzle pressue of ____ psi.
100
In most cases, ____ psi is used as the nozzle pressure for solid stream handlines.
50
Solid stream nozzles used on aerial devices should be limited to a nozzle pressure of ___ psi and fog nozzles ___ psi.
80 , 100
Nozzle Reaction Formula
NR=1.57 x d2 x NP
_______ handlines are the most frequently used fire service hose lays.
Preconnected
Combined, friction loss and elevation pressure loss are referred to as _______.
total pressure loss (TPL)
All of these pumps are known as ______ pumps because a positive actin takes place - all water and air are foreced out of the pump body with each operating cycle.
positive displacement
The modern fire department pumper is equipped with a ______ pump as its main pump.l
centrifugal
The _____ pump does not use positive action to force water from the pump.
centrifugal
Positive displacement pumps, unlike centrifugal pumps, can pump _____.
air
For this reason, ______ pumps are used as priming devices to get water into centrifugal pumps during drafting operations.
positive displacement
The forward stroke causes water to be discharged, andthe return stroke causes the pump to fill with water again. This is known as as ______ pump.
single-acting piston
The output capacity of the pump is determined by the ______ and ______.
size of the cylinder and the speed of the piston travel.
______ pumps are the simplest of all fire apparatus pumps from the standpoint of design.
Rotary-type
5th Principle of water: The pressure of a liquid in an open vessel is proportional to the density of the liquid.
True
Most of the rotary-type pumps in use today are either of the _____ or _____ construction.
rotary gear or rotary vane
The _____ pump consists of two gears that rotate in a tightly meshed pattern inside a water tight case.
rotary gear
The total amount of water that can be pumped by a rotary gear pump depends upon the _____ of the pockets in the gears and the ______ of rotation.
size, speed
This is one of the most common types of pumps used to prime centrifugal pumps:
rotary vane pump
The distance between the rotor and the housing is much greater at the INTAKE than it is at the discharge.
True
______ pumps are the most common main pumps in the fire service.
Centrifugal
The impeller rotates very rapidly within the casing, generally from ____ to ____ rpm.
2,000 to 4,000
There are three main factors that influence a centrifugal fire pump’s discharge pressure:
- Amount of water being discharged
- Speed at which the impeller is turning
- Pressure of water when it enters the pump form a pressurized source.
Simply stated, the greater the volume of water being flowed, the lower the discharge pressure.
True
Doubling the speed of the impeller results in ____ times as much pressure if all other factors remain constant.
four
The centrifugal pump is unable to pump ____ and is not self-______.
air, priming
There are two basic types of centrifugal pumps used by the fire service:
- single stage
- two stage
The process of switching between pressure and volume is sometimes referred to as ______.
changeover
At lower flow rates, operating in the position reduces the load and the required rpm of the engine.
series (pressure)
If there is any question as to the proper operation of the transfer valve, it is better to be in ____ (volume) than is series (pressure).
parallel
The _____ valves are essential in a multi-stage pump.
clapper (check)
The driver/operator can check the pump temperature by placing a hand on the direct pump intake pipe of the pump.
True
The most common type of packing in packing rings is a material made of ____ impregnated with _____ or _____.
rope fibers, graphite, lead
_____ pumps are those pumps that are powered by a gasoline or diesel engine independent of an engine used to drive the vehicle.
Auxiliary engine-driven
The most common applications for auxiliary engine-driven pumps are:
- Airport rescue and fire fighting (ARFF) vehicles
- Wildand fire apparatus
- Mobile water supply apparatus
- Trailer mounted fire pumps
- Portable fire pumps
The pumping capacity of auxiliary engine-driven apparatus is generally 500 gpm or less.
True
In recent years, some manufactures are providing “full torque” power take-offs that permit the installation of pumps as large as _____ gpm.
1250
Midship pumps are the most common type used in the fire service.
True
With the engine idling and the pump engaged, most speedometers read between ___ to ___ mph depending on the apparatus.
10 to 15
The automatic transmission LOCKS in gear during pump operations.
True
All components of the piping system on fire apparatus must be of a _____ resistant material.
corrosion
Front and rear intakes on midship pumps are really _____ intakes.
auxiliary
Many pumpers today are equipped with tank-to-pump lines a large as ____ inches in diameter.
4
Pumps that have a capacity of _____ gpm or greater may require more than one large intake connection at each location.
1500
The main intake on a front-mount pump is located at the ______ portion of the pump.
lower
The ____ line can be used to circulate water through the pump to prevent overheating when no lines are flowing.
tank fill
The tank-fill valve allows water to flow from the ____ to the ____.
pump, tank
The most common type of valve is the ______ valve that permits full flow through the lines with a minimum of friction loss.
ball-type
____ valves are most commonly operated by a handwheel.
Gate
Primers fall into three categories:
- positive displacement
- exhaust
- vacuum
Most modern fire apparatus use ______ primers.
positive displacement
Because engine vacuum is maximum near idle speed, the vacuum primer works best at a _____ engine rpm.
low
The master intake gauge is usually calibrated from ____ to ____ psi positive pressure and from ____ to ____ inches of mercury on the negative side.
0 to 600, 0 to 30
The tachometer shows ____ rpm.
engine
The tachometer records the engine speed in revolutions per ____ (rpm)
minute
The most common throttle used on the pump operator’s panel is the type of knob that turns.
True
There are two types of auxiliary coolers commonly found on older apparatus:
- marine type
- immersion type
Test have indicated that the apparatus may override the parking brake system at engine speeds as low as ____ rpm.
1300
Midship pumps require that both the pump and drive transmission be in gear for operation.
True
Some pump manufacturers may recommend that their pumps remain in the SERIES (PRESSURE) position until up to ____ % of capacity is required.
70
Hydrant valves are used where ____ lays are frequent.
forward
When using 2 1/2 or 3-inch hose lines to supply the pumper directly off hydrant pressure, it is recommended that the lines be no longer than ____ feet.
300
The ____ lay is laid from the fire to the water source.
reverse
The ___ lay is the most direct way to supplement hydrant pressure and perform drafting operations.
reverse
When a pumper is connected to a hydrant and is not discharging water, the pressure shown on the intake gauge is the ______ pressure.
static
When the pumper is discharging water, the intake gauge reading is the ______ pressure.
residual
Atmospheric pressure at sea level is _____ psi.
14.7
Atmospheric pressure decreases ____ psi for each 1000 feet of elevation gain.
0.5
____ can be described as that condition where, in theory, water is being discharged from the pump faster than it is coming in.
Cavitation
Simply put, you can only discharge the amount of water that has been taken in on the intake side of the pump.
True
Pump capacity ratings are based on a ____ foot lift.
10
The hard intake hose may be connected to the apparatus AFTER the suction end of the hose has been placed in the water.
True
It is a general rule of thumb that one 1,000 gpm rated pumper should supply the FDC for every ____ sprinklers that are estimated to be flowing.
50
When a standpipe system is known to be equipped with pressure-reducing valves, the elevation pressure used must be based on the TOTAL HEIGHT of the standpipe or the zone being used.
True
The process of raising water from a static source to supply a pumper is know as ______.
drafting
The elevation difference between the static water source and the pump intake, with the pump being higher than the water supply source is known as ____.
lift
The pressure in the pump and intake hose will be LESS than the atmospheric pressure.
True
In most circumstances, the maximum lift is no more than ____ feet.
25
_____ is the height of a column of water may be lifted in sufficient quantity to provide a reliable fire flow.
Dependable lift
Every fire pump in good repair should have a dependable lift of at least ____ feet.
14.7
When at draft, the net pump discharge pressure is MORE than the pressure shown on the discharge gauge.
True
Fire department pumpers are rated at a lift of ___ feet through ___ feet of intake hose.
10, 20
There are two types of static water supply sources that firefighters may draw from if necessary:
- natural
- man made
Cisterns vary in capacity; sizes from ____ to ____ gallons are common.
10,000 to 100,000
Water has LOW levels of opacity and reflectivity that allow radiant heat to easily pass through it.
True
The source pumper should be the engine with the LARGEST pumping capacity.
True
Hose tenders usually carry a mile or more of large diameter hose.
True
A relay operation is based on two things:
- The amount of water required at the emergency scene
- The distance from the emergency scene to the water source
All fire department pumpers are rated to pump their maximum volume capacity at a net pump discharge pressure of ___ psi.
150
A pumper CAN exceed its rated capacity if connected to an adequate hydrant.
True
At no time should a relay pumping operation result in discharge pressures that exceed hose test pressures.
True
A relay pumping operation always begins with the ______ pumper.
source pumper
The source pumper should be the engine with the LARGEST pumping capacity.
True
Hose tenders usually carry a mile or more of large diameter hose.
True
A relay operation is based on two things:
- The amount of water required at the emergency scene
- The distance from the emergency scene to the water source
All fire department pumpers are rated to pump their maximum volume capacity at a net pump discharge pressure of ___ psi.
150
A pumper CAN exceed its rated capacity if connected to an adequate hydrant.
True
When possible, select a fill site that is capable of supplying at least ____ gpm.
1000
A relay pumping operation always begins with the ______ pumper.
source pumper
Once the relay is in operation, the water shuttle may be discontinued.
True
Fill site pumpers should have a minimum pump capacity of ____ gpm.
1000
Vehicle weight restrictions generally limit single, rear-axle apparatus to a maximum tank capacity of _____ gallons.
1500
Water tenders must have at least one large tank discharge that is capable of emptying ____ % of the tank volume at an average rate of 1,000 gpm.
90
Gravity dumps DO NOT use any mechanical pressure source.
True
When possible, select a fill site that is capable of supplying at least ____ gpm.
1000
Once the relay is in operation, the water shuttle may be discontinued.
True
Fill site pumpers should have a minimum pump capacity of ____ gpm.
1000
Vehicle weight restrictions generally limit single, rear-axle apparatus to a maximum tank capacity of _____ gallons.
1500
Water tenders must have at least one large tank discharge that is capable of emptying ____ % of the tank volume at an average rate of 1,000 gpm.
90
Gravity dumps DO NOT use any mechanical pressure source.
True
When possible, select a fill site that is capable of supplying at least ____ gpm.
1000
A _____ shuttle route is most desirable.
circular
Ideally, each tender should be filled at a minimum rate of ____ gpm.
1000
IFSTA recommends that a ____ be used to fill tenders at ALL fill site operations, regardless of whether a hydrant or static source is used.
pumper
The following are three primary methods that can be used to operate a dump site:
- Direct pumping operations
- Nurse tender operations
- Portable water tank operations
_____ tank dump sites are most suitable for continuous water supply operations.
Portable
At least ___ firefighters will be required to deploy the portable tank.
2
The most common style of portable water tank is the ______ type.
folding
It is recommended that the portable water tank be set up on a level surface and have a capacity that is at least ____ gallons larger than the capacity of the water tank on the apparatus carrying it.
500
A _____ shaped arrangement is usually preferred for multiple portable tank operations.
diamond
Mechanical foams must be _____ and _____ before they can be used.
proportioned, aerated
The raw foam liquid in its storage container before being combined with water and air:
Foam concentrate
The device that introduces foam concentrate into the water stream to make the foam solution:
Foam proportioner
The mixture of foam concentrate and water before the introduction of air:
Foam solution
The completed product after air is introduced into the foam solution (aka finished foam):
Foam
Class B fuels are divided into two categories:
hydrocarbons and polar solvents
How Foam Works: Creates a barrier between the fuel and the fire:
Separating
How Foam Works: Lowers the temp of the fuel and adjacent surfaces:
Cooling
How Foam Works: Prevents the release of flammable vapors and therefore reduces the possibility of ignition or reigniton:
Suppressing
Most FF foam concentrates are intended to be mixed with ___ to ___% water.
94 to 99.9
There are four basic methods by which foam may be proportioned:
- Induction
- Injection
- Batch mixing
- Premixing
_____ is the simplest method of proportioning foam concentrate in water.
Batch mixing
_____ is one of the more commonly used methods of proportioning.
Premixing
____ gallon plastic pails are perhaps the most common containers used by the municipal fire service to receive and store foam concentrate.
5
Class A foam is the formulation of hydrocarbon surfactants that REDUCE the surface tension of the water in the foam solution.
True
The application for Class A foam is the same as the minimum critical flow rate for water.
True
____ foam is very liquid and is desirable for areas requiring maximum penetration.
Wet
___ foam is a rigid coat that adheres well. Has a very LOW water content and HIGH air content.
Dry
___ foam has the ability to blanket and wet the fuel equally well.
Medium
AFFF foam maintains its alcohol-resistive properites for about ___ minutes.
15
To determine the application rate available from a nozzle, divide the nozzle flow rate by the area of the fire.
True
Depending on its purpose, foam can be described by three types:
- low expansion
- medium expansion
- high expansion
UNignited spills do not require the same application rates as IGNITED spills.
True
_____ is the most commonly used foam today.
AFFF
Whether the foam is used in either a medium or high expansion capacity is determined by the type of _____ used.
application device
The _____ is the most basic type of foam proportioner used in the fire service.
in-line eductor
The three most common types of portable foam proportioners are:
- in line eductors
- foam nozzle eductors
- self educting master stream nozzles
The eductor must not be more than ___ feet above the surface of the foam concentrate.
6
The self educting master stream foam nozzle is used where flows in excess of ____ gpm are required.
350
In-line eductors use the _____ Principle to draft foam concentrate into the water stream.
Venturi
This type of proportioner is one of the most common types of built-in proportioners installed in mobile fire apparatus today:
Around-the-Pump
IFSTA defines a handline nozzle as “any nozzle that one to three firefighters can safely handle and that flows less than ___ gpm.
350
Expansion ratios using fog nozzles are between ___ and ___.
2:1 and 4:1
The _____ foam nozzle is the only type of nozzle that can be used with protein and flouroprotein concentrates.
air-aspirating
The techniques for applying foam to a liquid fuel fire or spill inclue the:
- direct application
- roll down
- bank down
- rain down
The ____ method is used with Class B foam.
roll-on
The two basic types of flowmeter sensors that are commonly used in the fire service:
Paddlewheel
Spring Probe
When properly calibrated and in good working condition, flowmeters should be accurate to tolerance of ___ to ___ percent.
1-3%
The friction loss in old hose may be as much as ___ % greater than that in new hose.
50
Some departments train their drivers to practice looking ____ seconds ahead on city streets and ____ seconds ahead on highways and estimating where they will be in that time.
12, 20
Per NFPA 1901 and 1911, a side to side variance in weight should NOT exceed ____ percent.
7
