Aerial Apparatus Flashcards
The _____ apparatus is the most common type of aerial fire apparatus operated in North America.
aerial ladder
The fully extended length, also referred to as the working height of North American-made aerial ladders, ranges from ____ to ____ feet.
50 to 135
The working height for aerial ladders is measured from the ______ to the highest ladder RUNG with the ladder at maximum elevation and extension.
ground
The main uses of aerial ladders are:
- Rescue
- Ventilation
- Elevated Master Stream Application
- Gaining Access to upper levels
The required minimum floor area of a platform is ___ square feet.
14
Each platform must have a rail completely enclosing the floor area with no opening under the railing greater than ___ inches.
24
A kickplate is required at floor level and should be ___ inches high.
4
All elevating platforms are required to have two operator control stations:
One at street level
One in the platform
NFPA requires the protective water fog curtain nozzle to flow at least ___ gpm.
75
The most common aerial ladder platform apparatus in service today is the straight chassis, three-axle vehicle mounted aerial device.
True
The working height of all types of elevating platforms is measured - with the aerial device at maximum extension and elevation - from the:
ground to top surface of the highest platform handrail.
Aerial ladder platforms commonly range in size from ___ to ___ feet.
85 to 110
All elevating platforms must have a minimum load capacity of ____ pounds when the aerial device is fully extended, at any elevation within its normal range of motion, and with no water in the piping system.
750
The load requirements drop to ___ pounds when the water delivery system is charged.
500
The water delivery system must be capable of discharging AT LEAST ____ gpm.
1000
Elevating platforms that are ____ feet or shorter should be able to be raised from the bedded position to the maximum elevation and extension and be rotated ____ degrees in 150 seconds or less.
110, 90
There is no time requirement for elevating platforms taller than ___ feet.
110
Common sizes of telescoping aerial platforms in use in North America range from ___ to ___ feet.
75 to 100
_______ construction consists of four sides of shell or aluminum welded together to form a box shape with a hollow center.
Box-beam
These are telescoping or articulating aerial devices whose primary function is to deploy elevated master streams:
water towers
Water towers are capable of maximum flows ranging from ____ to _____ gpm.
1000 to 5000
The first priority is to always position the apparatus with the ____ device in mind.
aerial
Fire agencies that want the aerial apparatus to have the same capabilities as a standard engine company may specify pumps as large as _____ gpm.
2000
Criteria for qualifications as a quint is based on the following:
- Size of the pump
- Size of the water tank
- Amount of supply and attack hose
- Array and length of ground ladders
- Pre-piped waterway on the aerial apparatus
The bottom section of the aerial ladder:
Base
Second and subsequent sections that extend beyond the base section:
Fly Sections
The lower chords of the aerial ladder to which the rungs, trusses, and other portions of the ladder are attached; aka beams:
Base Rails
The top chords to which the opposite ends of the trussing are attached:
Rails
The portions that are attached between the two base rails and used as steps for personnel on the aerial ladder:
Rungs
_____ consist of an assembly of bars or rods to form a rigid framework.
Trusses
On some apparatus, the aerial device COULD be raised BEFORE the stabilizers are set.
True
The _____ valve should be preset to the stabilizer system position during the daily apparatus inspection.
selector
Depending on the manufacturer of the aerial apparatus, the hydraulic fluid may be under pressures of ____ psi.
3500
A hydraulic system has three main components:
- hydraulic fluid
- hydraulic pump
- hydraulic reservoir
One of the more important valves in the hydraulic system is the selector valve.
True
The ____ valve is a three-way valve that directs fluid to either the stabilizer control valves or the aerial device control valves.
selector
All manufacturers of aerial devices provide an auxiliary hydraulic pump for use in the event of a failure of the main hydraulic pump.
True
In a hydraulic cylinder, the pivoting end of the piston rod that is connected to the anchor ear the the heel pin:
Trunnion
The primary function of the ______ is to provide continuous rotation on a horizontal plane.
turntable
For equipped with a platform, NFPA 1901 also requires a _____ station in the platform.
control
Most bed ladder pipes are operated manually with a _____.
rope
There are two common types of pre-piped waterway systems:
- bed ladder systems
- telescoping waterway systems
The operator’s control pedestal usually stands about ___ feet high and is easily operated by persons of all heights.
3 1/2’
Most TELESCOPING water systems are capable of flows up to 1,000 gpm.
True
Detachable ladder pipes are typically limited to flows of less than ____ gpm.
750
Detachable ladder pipes should not have a horizontal range of movement exceeding ___ degrees in either direction.
15
Elevating platforms have flows up to ______ gpm.
2000
Advantages of inverters are efficiency and low or nonexistent noise during operation.
True
Inverters are generally capable of providing up to ____ watts.
5000
NFPA 1901 establishes ladder complements based on how the apparatus will _____.
operate
Many fire agencies choose to carry an extension ladder that is ____ feet or longer to reach fourth or fifth story windows that are not accessible with themain aerial device.
40
Smoke ejectors are most commonly powered by _______ motors.
built-in
Diesel exhaust can emit up to ____ harmful chemicals and comounds.
100
The weight of an empty fire appratus off the assembly line with no tools, water, equipment, or passengers:
Curb Weight
Apparatus with air brakes are to be equipped with an air pressure protection valve that prevents the air horns and other unnecesary peripherals from bein operated when the pressure in the air reservoir drops below ___ psi.
80
It is important that the fluid level be checked and addtitional fluid added only when the stabilizers and aerial device are all in their STOWED positions.
True
_______ inspection is useful in finding cracks in aerial devices.
Magnetic particle
_____ tests are conducted to assure the purchaser that the apparatus meets the original bid specifications.
Acceptance
On gasoline-powered engines, it may be necessary to operate a manual _____ control before operating the starter control.
choke
Automatic Traffic Control (ATC) turns itself on and off; there is no switch for the operator to select.
True
At speeds above ___ mph, an emergency vehicle may “outrun” effective range of its audible warning device.
50
Emergency vehicles should travel at least ___ to ___ feet apart.
300 to 500
Turning speed should be below ___ to ___ mph.
20-25
____ extensions at ____ angles place the maximum amount of stress on an aerial device and, in some cases, reduce the load-carrying capacity of that device.
Long, low
If possible, the driver/operator should position aerial apparatus used for rescue at the ____ of the building.
corner
Aerial ladders should be extended at least ___ feet above the roof level.
6
When a single aerial apparatus responds to a given location, the appratus takes a strategically sound locatin in ____ of the fire building unless otherwise directed by the IC.
front
When two aerials respond to a given location, the first arriving aerial takes the ___ of the building and the second goes to the ____ or ____, depending on building access.
front, rear or side
If the aerial device is being used to provide access for ventilating a pitched roof, it may be possible to position the apparatus so that the firefighters may operate DIRECTLY from the device.
True
Whe providing access for ventilating a flat roof, the driver/operator should position the aerial appratus on the UNBURNED side of the structure as close as possible to the area being ventilated.
True
If the aerial device may be used as a master stream the driver/operator should position the apparatus so that the turntable is ______ in line with the intended target.
directly
Operation in NONparalell positions can cause stress on the aerial device.
True
The best rescue approach is made from UPWIND.
True
The goal is to maintain a distance of at least ___ feet between the aerial device and overhead electric lines.
10
The aerial appratus is most stable when the aerial device is operated directly over the ____ or ____ of the vehicle.
front. rear
Good stability occurs at angles up to ___ degrees.
90
An aerial apparatus is LEAST stable when the aerial device is operated _______ to the longitudinal axis of the apparatus.
perpendicular
Apparatus stability is greatest when the aerial device can be operated IN LINE with the ______ axis of the apparatus.
longitudinal
When approaching from the UPHILLside, the appratus should be driven past the fire building and the aerial device should be operated over the ____ of the apparatus.
rear
When approaching from the DOWNHILL side, the apparatus should be stopped short of the fire building and the aerial device should be operated over the _____ of the apparatus.
front
As extension increases, aerial loading must _____.
decrease
Most moders aerial devices are designed to be operated in the _______ mode.
unsupported
A supported aerial tip is one that is resting against the target location.
True
If the fire building is known to be unstable and in poor repair, the aerial device should not be used in a _____ position.
supported
Most railroad companies advise that vehicles be kept at least ___ feet from the tracks when possible.
25
The stabilizer pads are usually provided by the maufacturer of the appratus and are usually ___ x ___ inch with a built in handle.
24 x 24
The easiest to correct is _____ uneveness.
lateral
Telescoping aerial devices may be operated over the FRONT or REAR of an apparatus parked on a longitudinal grade.
True
When parked on a longitudinal grade, do not extend or retract the aerial device over the ____ of the apparatus.
side
The aerial device should be positioned approximately ___ to ___ inches above the surface of the target and allowed to settle onto the surface from the weight of the firefighters on board the device.
4 to 6
The waterway should be drained before lowering the aerial device.
True
____ the aerial device before rotating.
Retract
The manufacturers of several of the older, light duty ladders recommend the use of guy ropes in winds exceeding ___ mph.
35
Guy ropes should be attached to the top end of the fly section when it is necessary to extend the ladder ___ feet.
75
Aerial devices are designed to handle _____ loads.
perpendicular
One type of aerial device that is particularly well-suited for below grade rescue operations is the:
three-boom, articulating platform
____ heat is the biggest factor in exposure protection.
Radiated
A ___ stream sprayed into a thermal column can help reduce the amount of convected heat that can spread to exposures.
fog
When putting firefighters on the roof with an aerial ladder, extend the fly sections so that a minimum of ___ feet protrudes over the edge of the roof.
6
When possible, the roof should be laddered on MORE THAN ONE SIDE during ventilation operations.
True
When using an ELEVATING PLATFORM, the bottom of the platform should be positioned even with or extended slightly OVER the roof’s edge.
True
For VENTILATION through a window, the aerial device should be positioned SLIGHTLY _____ the window and SLIGHTLY to the _____ SIDE.
above, upwind
It is safer to operate an elevated master stream from the _____, even if ropes are needed to accomplish this.
ground
The 75-80-80 rule:
75 degree elevation
80% extended length
80 psi NP for a 1 1/2” tip
The best applications for fog streams are ______ and ______.
close up blitz attacks
exposure protection
Water should enter the window at an angle of approximately ______ degrees.
30
The best way to effect a blitz attack with an elevated master stream is to try to deflect water off the ceiling of the fire room.
True
Water adds weight to the structure at the rate of 1 ton per minute for every____ GPM.
250
When planning to use an aerial device to deploy a NONAERATED foam stream you must use a ___ nozzle to discharge the stream.
fog
Pneumatic systems require anywhere from ___ to ___ psi air pressure for the PTO to be operated.
50 -140
If an aerial ladder is designed to be used in the UNSUPPORTED position the tip should be placed __ to __ inches above the target.
4 to 6
If the aerial device is being used to assist HORIZONTAL ventilation efforts, the tip of the device should be placed in the _____ corner of the window on the upwind side.
upper
When performing a rescue, position the TOP rail of an AERIAL PLATFORM ____ with the window sill.
even
When performing a rescue, place the first rung of the LADDER ____ with the window sill.
even
The stress tends to be greater when the aerial device is in ______.
motion
The angle formed by level ground and a line from the point where the front tires touch the ground to the lowest projection at the front of the apparatus:
Angle of approach
The angle formed by level ground and a line from the point where the rear tires touch the ground to the bottom of the frame at the wheelbase midpoint:
Breakover angle
The angle formed by level ground and a line from the point where the rear tires touch the ground to the lowest projection at the rear of the apparatus:
Angle of departure
