Pulmonology Flashcards
Superior and middle lobe is separated from the inferior lobe by the ___.
oblique
What separates the left superior and inferior lobes?
oblique fissure
what does the horizontal fissue do?
separates superior and middle lobe in the right lung
What four structures are part of the hilum?
- Pulmonary artery (superiorly located, large)
- Pulmonary vein (anteroinferiorly located, smaller and thinner than vein)
- Main bronchi (posteriorinferior thickest wall w/ cartilage)
- Pulmonary ligament
Grooves to know
left grooves to know
Which lung is the cardiac impression more pronounced on?
Left
Where is the cardiac notch and lingula located?
On the superior lobe of the left lung
where can lung cancer be derived from and what nerves could be involved?
Lung tissue or bronchi, it can also involve phrenic vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerves
Lobectomy and segmentectomy?
- Removal of lobe
- removal of segments within lobes
What is pleuritis?
- inflammation of pleura producing roughness on lungs making breathing difficult
How does pulmonary collapse occur?
- enough air enters pleural cavity to break surface tension btw two layers of pleura, and the elasticity of the lung causes them to collapse
Pneumothorax?
- entry of air into pleural cavity fromo penetrating would to thoracic wall or rupture of pulmonary lesion into pleural cavity resulting in collapse
Hydrothorax?
- Accumuluation of excess fluid in pleural cacity usually result of fluid escape into pleural cavity or pleural effusion
What is the sternal line?
Costal parietal pleura turns into the mediastinal pleura at this point
Costal line of pleural reflection?
- costal pleura becomes diaphragmatic pleura
Vertebral line of pleural reflection?
Costal pleua becomes mediastinal pleura posteriorly
What is the clinical significance of the right main bronchus?
- It is wider shorter and more verticle
- It is a common site for foreign body aspirations
why are bronchi and bronchioles not the same?
Bronchi have cartilage in the wall bronchioles do not have cartilage in the walls
Where in the bronchi/bronchiole system is the first site where gas exchange can occur?
Respiratory bronchiole
what is the primary site of gas exchange?
Alveolar duct, also the functional unit of the lung
Bronchial asthma?
widespread narrowin of the airways produced by contraction of smooth musclce edema of the mucosa and mucus in the lumen of bronchi and bronchioles
What is bronchoscopy?
- Insertion of bronchoscope into the trachea to visualize the main bronchi
- goes down nose and into trachea to see split of trachea into left and right main bronchus
- carina is the ridge at the split
- goes down nose and into trachea to see split of trachea into left and right main bronchus
What are the three bronchopulmonary segments in the right superior lobe?
- Apical
- Posterior
- Anterior
What are the bronchopulmonary segments in the right middle lobe?
- Lateral
- Medial
What are the bronchopulmonary segments in the right inferior lobe?
- Superior
- Anterior basal
- Medial basal
- Posterior basal
- Lateral basal
SAMPL(e)
What are the left lung superior lobe bronchopuolmonary segments?
- Apical (usually ccombined with post. to give Apicoposterior)
- Posterior (combine with ant to give Apicoposterior)
- Superior (lingular)
- Inferior (lingual)
What are the left lobe inferior lobe bronchopulmonary segments?
- Superior
- Anterior basal (combine with medial for Anteromedial basal)
- Medial basal (combine with above)
- Lateral basal
- Posterior basal
