Osteology Arthrology and Myology of Thorax Flashcards
What does the superior thoracic aperture contain and what is it a communication between
?
- Trachea
- Esophagus
- Nerves and vessels supply/drain head, neck, UE
Communication btw neck and thorax
What are boundaries of the superior thoracic aperture?
- T1 Vertebral segment
- Paired 1st rib
- Superior manubrium
What does the inferior thoracic aperture contain and what is it a communication btw?
- Esophagus
- IVC
- Aorta
- Irregular communication btw thorax and abdomen
What are th eboundaries of the inferior thoracci caperture?
- T12 vertebral segment
- 11th and 12th ribs
- 7-10 costal cartilages
- Xiphisternal joint
What are the Vertebrocostal ribs?
- True ribs that attach directly from vert. segments to costal cartilage on the sternum
- 1-7
What are vertebrochondral ribs?
- False ribs 8-10 attaching from vertebral segments to join costal cartilages superior to that segment
What are the vertebral ribs?
- Floating ribs, 11 &12
- Do not attach to sternum
What part of the rib articulates with the inferior costal demifacet on thoracic vertebral body (one segment number superior)?
- The superior articular facet found on the head of the typical ribs (3rd-9th)
What articulates with the superior costal demifacet on thoracic vertebral body of the same numeric segment?
- Inferior articular facet found on the head of the rib
What is the significance of th tubercle of the rib?
contains the articular facet which articulates with transverse costal facets on thoracic vertebrae
What ribs are the most commonly fractured?
- Middle ribs just anterior to the costal angle
Describe the first rib.
- Broadest and shortest as well as sharply curved
- Contains head neck body and tubercle
- Most anterior Groove is for subclavian vein
- Bump is scalene tubercle
- Most posterior groove is Subclavian A
Left side is anterior right side angle is posterior
Describe why the second rib is atypical.
- Tuberosity of serratus anteior
Why is the tenth rib atypical?
- Only one facet on the head
Why are ribs 11 and 12 atypical?
- Signle facet on head
- tubercle and neck not present
Supernumerary ribs?
- Extra ribs in cervical or lumbar region
- Cervical ribs usually have no sx but can produce neural and circulatory issues if close to brachial plexus or subclavian art
- Lumbar ribs also don’t produce sx but can be confusing on imaging
what are four types of fibrous joints?
Aka Synarthrosis, characterized by bone & fibrous CT
- Sutures
- Schindylesis
- Gomphosis
- Syndesmosis
What are the seven types of synovial joints?
Aka Diarthrosis, freely moveable characterized by fibrous capsule, synovial mem, joint space, hyaline cartilage lining articular surfaces
- plana
- ginglymus (hinge uniaxial)
- Trochoid (pivot, uniaxial)
- Condylar
- Sellar (saddle)
- Spheroidal (ball and socket, triaxial)
- Compound synovial (combo of the above)
What are the cartilaginous joints?
- Primary cartilaginous joint aka synchondrosis
- temporary cartilagenous union of hyaline cartilages
- Secondary cartilaginous joint aka symphysis
- characterized by fibrocartilage as seen in IVD, pubic symphysis
What bones make up the manubriosternal joint and what is the joint classification?
Manubrium and sternum
Symphysis
What bones make up the xiphisternal joint and what is the classification?
- xiphoid bone and sternum
- Synchondrosis
- permanent type! usually this type is for transient growing bones but this one is unique
Sternocostal joint and type, what ligament holds them together?
- Sternum and costal cartilages
- 1st rib is Synchondrosis
- permanent type
- Rest are planar joints
- Held together with anterior radiate sternocostal ligament
What is costovertebral joint, what ligament, and type?
- Head of rib and superior inferior costal facets on thoracic vertebra
- Radiate ligament and deep to it intraarticular ligament (which goes to intervertebral disc)
What rib will meet up btw vertebra 5 and 6?
- Rib six meets up with T6 superior costal facet and T6 transverse process and T5 inferior costal facet
What are costotransverse joints?
- Synovial planar joint
- articulation btw costal tubercle and transverse process
- Ex:rib 5 meets with transverse process T5
- Lateral costotransverse L, goes from TP to rib
- Superior costotransverse L comes from TP one level up
- ex: rib 5 articulates with TP of T5 the SCTL comes from T4
What two movements does the costovertebral joint do?
- Bucket Handle movement: elevation of the lateral most portion of the rib increasing transverese diameter of thorax
- Pump handle movement: elevation of sternal end of rib increasing the anterior to posterior diameter of the thorax
Costochondral joints?
- Ribs and costal cartilages
- Synchondrosis
Differnce btw dislocation and separation of ribs?
- Dislocation is btw sternum and costal cartilage-sternocostal joint
- Separation is btw costal cartilage and rib itself-costochondral joint
Interchondral joints?
- Btw 10th and 9th
- 9th with 8th
- 8th with 7th
- Top two are planar synovial and bottom one is fibrous joint
External intercostal muscle becomes membranous anteriorly and is called ___. Action is to ___.
External intercostal muscle becomes membranous anteriorly and is called external intercostal membrane. Action is to elevate the ribs.
Internal intercostal is deep to ___ and its fibers are traveling in ___ direction. Follow around posteriorly and they become ___. Action is to __.
Internal intercostal is deep to external intercostal and its fibers are traveling in opposite perpendicular direction. Follow around posteriorly and they become Internal intercostal membrane. Action is to depress ribs.
Innermost innercostal muscle is the deepest and fibers travel ___. Action is to ___.
Innermost innercostal muscle is the deepest and fibers travel same direction as internal. Action is to depress the ribs.
How to tell innermost from internal?
- Neurvascular bundle travels btw innermost and internal
If you can see the NVB the innermost intercostal is missing
When looking at the internal anterior thoracic wall, how do you tell the difference btw innermost intercostal and internal intercostal?
The intercostal nerve should be traveling along the inferior border of the ribs, and in the places where you can’t see the nerve is where the innermost intercostal muscle is located.
what is the red dot on?
Innermost intercostal
Where is chest tube placed?
- Btw 5th or 6th intercostal space
What do the transverse thoracic muslces do?
depress ribs, comes from sternum and goes up to ribs
Subcostal muscles?
- Go up two ribs spaces
rotatores longus except on the ribs
