Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CPR > Cardiac and Vasculature Histo > Flashcards

Cardiac and Vasculature Histo Flashcards

1
Q

What are intercalated discs?

A
  • transverse junctions at ends of cells allowing electrical current through
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are purkinje cells?

A
  • modified cardiac mm cells acting as pacemaker for the heart
  • Few myofibrils but high glycogen
  • Larger and seen at periphery of myocardium next to endocardium
  • Mostly lack T tubules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hallmarks of cardiac muscle?

A
  • striations intercaladed discs
  • central located nuclie surrounded by unstained section
  • Lipofuscin granules near nucleus of some cells, lysosomal residue (part of normal aging)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe fibrous pericardium?

A
  • Denst CT outer covering
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe serous pericardium?

A
  • Parietal layer of serous pericardium lining lthe inner surface of fibrous pericardium
  • Visceral layer of serous pericardium covering the outer surface of heart
  • Pericardeial cavity the space btw parietal and isceral layers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Epicardium is synonymous with ___ and made up of ___

A
  • Epicardium is synonymous with Visceral layer of serous pericardiuim and made up of simple squam with aerolar ct and fat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Layers of heart wall in to out?

A
  • Endocardium
  • Myocardium
  • Epicardium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the epicardium contain?

A
  • Loose aerolar CT with autonomic nerves and variable adipose tissue lined with mesothelium
  • Branches of coronary arteries are embedded in adipose tissue
  • Synonomyous with visceral pericardium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe myocardium?

A
  • Thickest layer of the heart containing:
    • cardiocytes
    • Nodal cardiocytes
    • Myoendocrine cardiocytes
  • Characterized by:
    • striations
    • Intercalated discs
    • Lipofuscin granules
    • dyad t tubule
    • Mitocondria
    • Atrial granules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where are intercalated discs located?

A
  • at sites where cells meet end to end, they always coincide with Z lines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the three regions of intercalated discs?

A

Transverse region

  1. Fascia adherens: actin filaments at ends of terminal sarcomeres insert into junction, most predominant, transmit contractile forces
  2. Desmosomes: provide anchorage for intermediate filaments of cytoskeleton

Longitudinal region

  1. Gap (nexus) junction: sites of low electrical resistance allowing excitation to pass btw cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the dyad T tubules

A
  • 1 T tubule and 1 SR cisterna
  • fingerlike ingavinations of the sarcolemma found at z lines
  • allows for uniform contraction of myofibrils in a cardiocyte
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are nodal cardiocytes?

A
  • modified cells w/n SA and AV node that initiate and relay electrical signals
  • PSNS and SNS fibers terminate in the nodes
  • only modifiy rate of intrinsic cardiac muscle contraction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are atrial granules?

A
  • Myoendocrine cardiocytes: atrial cells that contain membrane bound granules, smaller quantities found in left atrium and ventricles
  • Contain precursor for ANF (P)
  • ANF targets kidneys to decrease Na and H20 retention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the endocardium in the ventricles

A
  • Subendocardial layer
    • thin layer of CT with sm mm
    • Merges with myocardium
    • Contains branches of purkinje fibers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Endocardium in atria?

A
  • Lacking subendocardial layer
  • Purkinjie fibers are closer to endothelium intermixed with myocardium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cardiac skeleton importance?

A
  • Electrical insulator btw atria and ventricles allowing atria to pump firstt
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What makes up heart valves?

A
  • Core of fibroelastic CT covered by endothelium
  • Continuous with cardiac skeleton
  • Fibroelastic layer of endocardium condenses to form a valve ring creating central portion of the valve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Tunica Intima?

A
  • Endothelium made of a single layer of squamous cells
  • Basal lamina thin EC layer made of collagen proteoglycans and glycoproteins
  • Subendothelial layer made of loose CT
    • internal elastic membrane membrane btw intima and media, sheet like layer of fenestrated elastic material within arteries
20
Q

what are endothelial cells?

A
  • Single layer of endothelial cells form innermost part of tunica intima
  • Involved in blood coagulation and thrombosis local vasodilation and constriction
  • Storage granules weibel Palade body store and release von willelbrand factor role in hemostasis, and p selectin role in inflammation
21
Q

Tunica media?

A
  • Extends from IEM to EEM layer of elasin separating the tunica median and adventitia
  • Circumfrentially arranged layers of smooth mm
  • thick in arteries
22
Q

Tunica adventitia (externa)?

A
  • Longitudinally arragned collgenous tissue with few elastic fibers
  • Merges with losoe CT surrounding vessels
  • Ranges from thin in arteries to thick in veins
23
Q

What is vaso vasorum?

A
  • Supply blood to vascular tunics themselves fuond in large arteries and veins
  • Nervi vasorum ANS input controling contraction of vascular sm mm

BOTH found in tunica adventita

24
Q

Describe large elastic arteries

A
  • Largest vessel
  • Elastin forms concentric sheets btw mm cell layers
  • sm mm synthesizes collagen elastin and gorund substance of ECM
  • Pinkish purple color from the elastin fibers
25
Q

Muscular Medium arteries?

A
  • Prominent internal elastic membrane
  • recogonizable External elastic membrane is present
  • Sm mm cells arranged in spiral fashion
  • Relatively thick tunica adventitia
  • More smm mm and less elastin than elastic arteries
26
Q

Describe small arteries and arterioles?

A
  • Distinguished by sm mm layers in tunica media
  • Small arteries have up to eight layers and IEM
  • Arterioles have 1-2 layers and may or may not have IEM
27
Q

What does PSNS and SNS do for arterioles and what is their function?

A
  • flow regulators for capillary beds
  • Sympathetic innervation to tunica media causes vasoconstriction
  • Parasympathetic innervation to media causes vasodilation
28
Q

What is the function of capillary beds?

A
  • Site of metabolic exchange
  • Diameter smaller than RBC
29
Q

3 types of capillaries?

A
  • Continuous
  • Fenestrated
  • Sinusoidal
30
Q

What are continuous capillaries?

A
  • Most common type
  • Tight occluding junctions sealing off intercellular clefts
  • Exchange occurs via diffusion or transcytosis
  • Continuous basement membrane
  • Found throughout body
31
Q

What are fenestrated capillaries?

A
  • Located in organs wehre exchange with blood is important
  • Tight jxns with fenestrations along endothelium, continuous basement membrane
  • allows greater exchange across endothelium but limited to size of macromolecule
  • Found in Endocrine glands and sites of fluid/metabolite absorption (kidney and gallbladder)
32
Q

What are sinusoidal capillaries?

A
  • Located where exchange of macromolecules and cells must openly occur
  • Large fenestrations along endothelial cells
  • Open exchange occurss and large cells can move through
  • Partial discontinuous basement membrane
  • Found in bone marrow spleen liver
33
Q

What are metarterioles?

A
  • first branch off of the arterioe supplying tissues
34
Q

What are precapillary sphincters?

A
  • Regulate blood flow through true capillaries
35
Q

What are true capillaries?

A
  • Branch from metarteriole lacking smooth mmuscle
  • Pericytes may be present
    • perivascular contractile cells with branching cytolplasmic processes controlled by NO
36
Q

Compare veins to arteries.

A
  • Veins have thinner walls than arteries
  • Lumen is larger than artery
  • Lumen of veins is usually collapsed
37
Q

Describe postcapillary venules

A

drain capillaries no true tunica media

38
Q

What layer in the veins has the valves?

A

Tunica intima

39
Q

Describe muscular venule.

A
  • Have 1-2 layers of sm mm in tunica media
  • thin adventitia
40
Q

Describe small veinss

A
  • Has all three tunics
  • RUnica media is 2-3 layers
  • Thicker tunica adventita
41
Q

What type of vein does a DVT typically occur in?

A

Medium vein

42
Q

Describe medium veins

A
  • Travels with muscular ateries
  • Thicker tunica adventitia
  • Wall is often folded around large lumen
  • Contains valves
43
Q

Describe large veins

A
  • Thickest layer is tunica adventitia
  • collagen elastic fibers and fibroblasts found in adventitia
  • Contains longitudinal sm mm cells
  • Tuncia media is thin
  • Tunic aintima is thin and blends with media
44
Q

Describe the lymphatic capillaries.

A
  • Close ended tubes found among capillary beds
  • Oerlapping endothelial cells forming one way valve for collecting lymph
  • Incomplete basal lamina increases permeability
45
Q

Where do lymphatic capillaries drain?

A

Collecting lymphatic vessels

46
Q

Where does thoracic duct empty?

A

junction of subclavian and internal jugular vein on the left

CPR (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions