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CPR > Cardiology Anatomy > Flashcards

Cardiology Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What separates the superior and inferior mediastinum?

A

Sternal angle

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2
Q

What is systemic circulation?

A
  • From left atrium through bicuspid valve
  • Into left ventricle out of heart via aortic valve
  • through systemic arteries and capillaries into venous system
  • In IVC and SCV into right atrium
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3
Q

What is pulmonary circulation?

A
  • From SVC and IVC into right atrium through tricuspid valve
  • Into right ventricle through pulmonary semilunar valve into pulmonary trunk
  • Pulmonary trunk through right and left pulmonary arteries to lungs
  • From lungs to pulmonary veins back to left atrium
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4
Q

What is the outermost layer of the heart made of?

A
  • Epicardium made up of viseral serous pericardium
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5
Q

What is the myocardium made of?

A
  • Thick muscular layer made of spiraling overlapping layers of cardiac muscle
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6
Q

What is a MI?

A
  • Lack of blood flow to area of myocardium usually from blockage of coronary artery such as atherosclerosis or buildup of lipids on internal walls of coronary
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7
Q

What is angina pectoris?

A
  • Pain originating in the heart that produces a strangling pain in the chest
  • Result of narrow or obstructed coronary arteries that produces ischemia of myocardium
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8
Q

What is the inner layer of the heart?

A
  • Endocardium
  • Thin internnal endothelial and subendothelial layer lining inside chambers and valves
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9
Q

What is the function of the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

A
  • Produces attachment points for myocardium
  • Produces attachment points for cuspid valves
  • Supports and strengthens atrioventircular and semilunar orfices
  • Provides electrically insulated barrier btw atria and ventricles
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10
Q

where is the right atrioventricular groove?

A

Btw right atrium and ventricle transmitting the r. coronary artery

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11
Q

Where is left atrioventricular groove?

A
  • Btw left atrium and left ventricle housing the coronary sinus
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12
Q

Where is the anterior interventricular groove?

A
  • between the right and left ventricles on anterior aspect of heart transmitting the anterior interventricular A and great cardiac vein
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13
Q

Where is posterior interventricular groove?

A
  • Btw right and left ventricles on posterior aspect of heart
  • Transmitting posterior interventricular artery and middle cardiac vein
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14
Q

What is ligamentum arteriosum?

A
  • Embryo remnant of ductus arteriosus which was a connection btw pulmonary trunk and arch of aorta
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15
Q

What nerve loops around aortic arch andligamentum arteriosum ascending to the larynx?

A
  • Left recurrent laryngeal nerve of the vagus
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16
Q

What is the Sinus Venarum?

A
  • Posterior part of Right atrium, smooth, thinned walled region where venae cavae and coronary sinus empty
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17
Q

What separates the rough pectinate muscle from the smooth sinus venarum of the right atrium?

A

Crista terminalis

18
Q

What valve separates right atrium and right ventricle?

A

Triscspid valve

19
Q

What is trabeculae carnae?

A
  • rough muscular region of the ventricle
20
Q

What do the chordae tendineae do?

A
  • attach free edges of the cusps of tricuspid and bicuspid valve to the corresponding papillary muscles
    • anterior cusp to anaterior papillary
    • Posterior cusp to post. papillary
    • Septal cusps to septal papillary
21
Q

Where is the Septomarginal trabeculum (moderator band) found?

A
  • Right ventricles from interventriucular septum to base of the anterior papillary muscle transmitting right bundle branch of AV bundle to ant. pap mm
22
Q

what is cardiac catherization?

A
  • insertion of catheter into femoral vein that gets passed up to the inferior vena cava allowing radiographic visualization of right atrium right ventricle puolmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries
23
Q

What valve separates the left atrium from left ventricle?

A
  • Bicuspid/Mitral valve
    • anterior and posterior cusps and papillary muscles
24
Q

What is the aortic vestibule?

A
  • smooth walled area leading into ascending aorta
25
Q

Where are the pulmonary and aortic sinuses found?

A

Behind the cusps of the valves

26
Q

What happens during the beginning of diastole?

A
  • Aortic and pulmonary valves close due to the drop in pressure inside the ventricles
27
Q

Early diastole?

A
  • As ventricles relax the heart lenghtens and the AV valves open flooding the ventricles with blood
28
Q

(Late) Diastole?

A
  • Atrial contraction occurs in late moments of diastole to expel blood into ventricles
29
Q

Beginning of systole?

A
  • AV valves close due to the pressure being higher in the ventricle than the atrium
30
Q

Early systole?

A
  • Ventricles contract building pressure opening the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves
31
Q

(late) systole?

A
  • Full ventricular contraction occurs expelling the blood into ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
32
Q

Where is SA node located?

A
  • myocardium where the SVC meets RA
33
Q

What are subendocardial branches?

A

AKA Purkinjie fibers which sends branches to the ventricle walls

34
Q

Artificial pacemaker?

A
  • Feed wire straight into ventricle endocardium of trabeculae carnae to give regular electrical impulses
35
Q

Afib?

A
  • Irregular twithing of the atrial cardiac mm fibers to which the ventricles respond at irregular intervals.
  • Circulation usually remains satisfactory
36
Q

Vfib?

A
  • Rapid irregular twitching of the venticles rendering the heart unable to pump bloood
  • Electric shock can be administered to stop all cardiac movements hoping heart will “restart” beating normally
37
Q

List pericardium’s from outermost to innermost

A
  • Fibrous pericardium
  • Parietal serous pericardium
  • Visceral serous pericardium (Epicardium)
38
Q

What is the surgical significance of the transverse pericardial sinus?

A
  • Space allows surgeons to access the area posterior to the aorta and pulmonary trunk to clamp or insert tubes of bypass machine into the vessels
  • Transverses the origins of great vessels
39
Q

What is the oblique pericardial sinus?

A
  • wide recess posterior to base of heart
40
Q

What is pericarditis?

A
  • Inflammation of pericardium which makes pericardium rough and produces friction
  • Pericardial friction rub can be heard
  • Pericardium can calcify if left un treated
41
Q

Pericardial effusion?

A
  • Inflammation of pericardium resulting in accumulation of fluid or pus in the sac which compresses the heart resulting in cardiac tamponade
42
Q

Pericardiocentesis?

A

draining blood fluid or pus from the pericardial sac to relieve cardiac tamponade

CPR (18 decks)

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