Pulmonology Flashcards
Minimum duration of productive cough in acute bronchitis?
At least 3 months in each 2 consecutive years
Prevention of oral thrush in patients on inhaled corticosteroids
Rinse mouth with water immediately after using inhaler
Long term inhaled steroids increase risk for?
Pneumonia
Auscultation of the sound “AH” instead of the EEE when a patient phonates EEE
Egophony
Distance accomplished in the walk distant test in patients with chronic lung problems. Associated with fair to good prognosis?
240m
FiO2 at 1lpm O2 by nasal cannula
0.24
3 most common symptoms in COPD
- Cough
- Sputum production
- Exertional dyspnea
3 most common symptoms in COPD
- Cough
- Sputum production
- Exertional dyspnea
Newly developed clubbing of the digits (not a sign of COPD) should alert an investigation for?
Lung Cancer
COPD patients who are thin and noncyanotic at rest , with prominent use of accessory muscles are traditionally thought to have predominantly?
Predominantly Emphysema (Pink Puffers)
Paradoxical inward movement of the rib cage with inspiration as a result of chronic hyperinflation in COPD?
Hoover’s Sign
Primary treatment of COPD patients for symptomatic benefit and reduction of exacerbations
Bronchodilators ( Bata agonists and Muscarinic antagonist)
Only intervention that improve survival in COPD patients (3)
- Smoking Cessation
- Oxygen therapy
- Lung volume reduction surgery
Only pharmacologic therapy demonstrated unequivocally decrease mortality rates (COPD)
Supplemental O2
Strong predictor of future COPD exacerbations?
History of prior exacerbations
Asthma and COPD are variations of the same basic disease?
Dutch hypothesis
Asthma (allergic phenomenon) and COPD (smoking related inflammation & damage) are fundamentally different disease.
British hypothesis
Major risk factor for the development of asthma?
Atopy
Most common allergens to trigger asthma?
Dermatophagoides species (House dust Mites)
Most common triggers of acite severe exacerbations in asthma?
Upper Respiratory Tract Viral Infections (eg. rhinovirus and RSV)
Reversibility criteria in the diagnosis of asthma?
> 12% and 200ml increase in FEV1
(15 min after albuterol or 2-4 weeks after steroid trial)
Most effective controllers in the management of asthma ?
Inhaled corticosteroids
Most common cause of community acquired pneumonia?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Lesions forming after initial tuberculosis infection which may be visible on chest x-ray.
Ghon focus
