Neurology & Psychology Flashcards
Most common cause of syncope?
Neurally- mediated ( Vasovagal)
Most common type of seizure?
Generalized tonic-Clonic
Most common affected vessel in stroke?
Middle Cerebral Artery
Most common cause of Subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Trauma
Most common non-traumatic cause of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage?
Ruptured Aneurysm (Saccular)
Most common site of aneurysm in subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Anterior Communicating Artery - Anterior Cerebral Artery Junction
Bleeding/ Hemorrhage in the delicate innermost layers of the meninges?
Intracerebral
Test for Fast phase nystagmus =Peripheral vestibular lesion ?
Cold water in the ear, which causes ipsilateral vestibular dysfunction, produces nystagmus to the opposite side.
COWS
Happens during and immediately after an epileptic seizure?
- Patient may become unconscious
- There may be transient confusion
- Affected patients feel exhausted
Non-consciously generated activities and simple repetitive movements in epilepsy?
Automatisms
Sudden neurologic deficit but all neurologic sign and symptoms resolve within 24hrs, and without evidence of infarction on brain imaging?
Transient Ischemic Attack
Initial test to differentiate between ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke?
Non-contrast Head CT scan
Bleeding in the innermost layers or directly in the brain parenchyma?
Intracerebral hemorrhage
Most common site for hypertensive hemorrhagic stroke?
Basal ganglia ( putamen)
Characteristic of a brainstem stroke?
- Altered breathing and heart rate
- Quadriplegia
- Cranial nerve palsies (III-XII)
- Coma
State of preserved consciousness but with quadreplegia following pontine hemorrhage?
Locked-in State
Symptom invariably present in viral meningitis?
Headache
Pathognomonic sign of meningeal irritation?
Nuchal rigidity ( Stiff neck)
Signs and Symptoms in Meningitis?
- Kernigs : pain in knee extension
- Brudzinskis : reflexive flexion of the knees and hips following passive neck flexion
- Jolt accentuation maneuver : rotating head horizontally 2-3x / sec ; (+) headache worse
Sign seen in meningitis that is elicited by passive flexion of the patient’s neck while supine results in spontaneous flexion pf knees and hips
Brudzinkis sign
Maneuver that assess meningeal irritation that is positive if the headache is exacerbated by rotating the head horizontally 2-3 times per second
Jolt accentuation
Most common seizure type resulting from metabolic derangements?
Generalized tonic-clonic seizure
Involuntary behaviors, such as chewing, lip smacking, or picking movements of the hand, during seizure, which is typically followed by confusion or awareness?
Automatisms
Localized paresis for minutes to hrs in the involved region following seizure?
Todds paralysis
