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Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Translation of viral genome in dengue fever happens in the?

A

Cytoplasm

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2
Q

Process of releasing new dengue viruses into the circulation ?

A

Exocytosis

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3
Q

Genetic variation in dengue viruses?

A

Generally endemic in multiple regions , with establishment into additional territories.

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4
Q

Dengue warning signs? (10)

A

LALAMOVE PH
1. Lethargy
2. Abdominal pain
3. Liver enlargement >2cm
4. Anuria
5. Mucosal bleeding
6. Oliguria
7. Vomiting, persistent
8. Edema/ clinical fluid accumulation
9. Platelet decrease
10. Hematocrit increase

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5
Q

Supportive treatment of acute dengue?

A
  1. Maintaining hydration with oral or parenteral fluids.
  2. Paracetamol as antipyretic or analgesic
  3. Platelet transfusion in more severe cases of thrombocytopenia

NSAIDs are contraindicated for management of pain and fever because of potential increase in bleeding risk.

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6
Q

Dengue vaccine indications?

A

9 to 16 yo with laboratory confirmed previous dengue infection and living in endemic areas.

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7
Q

Most common presenting symptom of meningitis in adults?

A

Headache

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8
Q

Petechial rash in meningococcal meningitis ?

A
  1. Rapidly spreading
  2. Non-blanching
  3. Purple or red spots
  4. Small and irregular
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9
Q

Complications of meningoencephalitis?

A
  1. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
  2. Myocarditis
  3. Sepsis
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10
Q

Most frequent cause of bacterial meningitis next to Neisseria meningitidis

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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11
Q

Most likely cause of meningitis in patients with HIV -AIDS negative for meningococcemia.

A

Fungal

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12
Q

Genus of the etiologic agent causing Rabies.

A

Lyssavirus

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13
Q

Transmission of rabies?

A

Bite of an infective animal with the Lyssavirus

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14
Q

Treatment after exposure (dog bite) that can prevent rabies.

A

10 days

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15
Q

Pneumonia expected CBC result?

A
  1. Increased WBC ( NV: 4500-11000)
  2. Increased Neutrophils ( NV 2,500-8,000)
  3. Decreased Lymphocytes (NV 1000-4800)
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16
Q

Morphology of Steptococcus pneumoniae ?

A

Gram +, lancet shaped

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17
Q

Antibiotic of choice for pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

No co-morbid Illness:
- Amoxicillin (DOC)
- Extended Macrolides ( Azithromycin, Clarithromycin)

Stable with co-morbidities:
- B lactam / BLIC combination
- 2nd gen Cephalosporins
- (+/-) Extended Macrolides

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18
Q

40/M with CC: DOB , (+) fever, dry cough for 5 days.
PE: crackles at both bases & right mid lung fields, Expected PE findings?

A
  • RR of 32 / min
  • HR of 120 / min
  • Apical S3 or 3rd heart sound
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19
Q

40/M with CC: DOB , (+) fever, dry cough for 5 days.
PE: crackles at both bases & right mid lung fields, Expected ABG findings?

A
  1. Oxygen saturation of 80%
  2. pH of 7.45
  3. Partial pressure of O2 of 55mmHg
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20
Q

Most common cause of UTI?

A

E. Coli

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21
Q

Primary antibiotics for UTI?

A
  1. Nitrofurantoin
  2. Fosfomycin
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22
Q

Specific treatment for dysuria caused by UTI ?

A

Phenazopyridine

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23
Q

Salmon-colored maculopapular rash on the trunk and chest of patients with typhoid fever?

A

Rose spots

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24
Q

Relative bradycardia at the peak of high fever seen in diseases such as typhoid fever and yellow fever?

A

Faget sign

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25
This states that an increase of temperature corresponds to an increase of heart rate?
Liebermeister’s Rule
26
Risk factors for chronic carriage with salmonella?
1. Biliary abnormalities 2. Bladder infection with Schistosoma haematobium
27
Treatment for chronic carriage with Salmonella?
Oral Ciprofloxacin for 4 weeks
28
Neuropsychiatric complications of typhoid fever?
Coma vigil or Muttering delirium
29
Triad in Weil’s Syndrome?
1. Hemorrhage ( usually pulmonary) 2. Jaundice 3. Acute kidney Injury
30
Treatment for Mild leptospirosis?
Doxycycline ( or amoxicillin or azithromycin)
31
Treatment for severe leptospirosis?
IV Penicillin
32
Dramatic although self limited reaction with fever , chills, myalgia, tachycardia, and mild hypotension following initiation of antibiotic treatment for spirochete infection?
Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction
33
Diagnostic test for Malaria?
Thick and thin smears
34
Screens for the presence of Malarial organisms?
Tick smears
35
For species identification of malaria?
Thin smears
36
Highest yield of thick and thin smears ?
Blood sample taken during fever 2-3hrs after peak
37
Punctuate granulation present in RBCs invaded by P. ovale and P. vivax
Schuffner dots (Shuffner dots = P. Ovale and P vivax : SOVrang madaming dots)
38
Coarse granulations present in RBCs invaded by P. falciparum?
Maurer dots
39
Fine dots present in RBCs invaded by P. malariae?
Ziemann dots
40
Malarial or Druck granulomas are seen in?
Cerebral Malaria
41
Fundoscopy finding in a patient diagnosed with Cerebral Malaria with encephalopathy?
Retinal whitening
42
Acute renal failure in Malaria?
Black water fever
43
Septic shock in Malaria
Algid Malaria
44
Areas of high endemicity in malaria?
Palawan Kalinga Apayao Ifugao Agusan del Sur KAPAI
45
Areas of chloroquine resistance malaria?
Palawan Davao del Norte Compostela valley
46
Malaria disease that can cause Mild disease?
Vivax & Ovale & Malariae
47
Plasmodium species that can cause severe Malaria?
Plasmodium falciparum
48
First-line treatment for most malarial infections?
Artemisinin-based therapy
49
Drug of choice for severe malaria?
Artesunate
50
Hemorrhagic macules on the toes , foot, or palm in patients with infective endocarditis?
Janeway lesions
51
Major criteria in Duke’s Criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis?
1. Positive blood culture ( persistently positive or typical microorganisms for IE) 2. Evidence of endocardial involvement
52
Characteristic Rash in Meningococcemia?
Non-blanching petechial rash
53
Sepsis associated bilateral adrenal hemorrhage usually caused by N. meningitidis?
Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome
54
Median length of the asymptomatic period for HIV/ AIDS?
Prolonged asymptomatic stage after initial infection. Median Time: 10 years
55
Leading cause of meningitis in patients with HIV-AIDS?
Cryptococcus
56
Leading cause of pneumonia in patients with HIV-AIDS?
Pneumocytis
57
Leading cause of esophagitis in patients with HIV-AIDS?
Candida
58
Incubation period of STDs like Gonorrhea and Chlamydia.
2-5 days
59
Diagnostic of choice for gonococcal and chlamydial genital tract infections?
Nucleic Acid Amplification Test
60
Broad pink and gray-white , highly infectious lesions usually seen in interiginous areas in patients with secondary Syphilis?
Condylomata lata
61
Drug stages for all stages of Syphilis?
Penicillin G
62
Drug of choice for all stages of Syphilis?
Penicillin G
63
Alternative antibiotic for penicillin-allergic patients with syphilis?
Doxycycline or Tetracycline
64
Despite penicillin allergy , syphilis should still be treated with penicillin G ( with desensitization) in these populations? (3)
1. Neurosyphilis 2. Pregnant women 3. HIV infected with late stage Syphilis
65
Reliable specimen for confirmatory test if suspecting Gonorrhea or Chlamydia?
1. Urine for both male and female 2. Vaginal swab 3. Rectal swab
66
Inhibits helminthic microtubules, ovicidal?
Mebendazole
67
Inhibits microtubules, ovicidal and larvicidal. Drug of choice for hydati disease / echinococcosis.
Albendazole
68
DOC for filarial disease and loa loa
Diethylcarbamazine
69
Side effect filarial fever
Diethycarbamazine
70
DOC for Strongyloides and Onchocerca?
Ivermectin
71
SE Mazzoti reaction?
Ivermectin
72
DOC for Entorobius infection ?
Pyrantel pamoate
73
DOC for Trichinosis?
Thiabendazole
74
DOC for trematodes and cestodes except echinococcosis?
Praziquantel
75
Back up drug to Praziquantel?
Niclosamide

Internal Medicine (12 decks)

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