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My Own Flash Cards > Pulmonology > Flashcards

Pulmonology Flashcards

1
Q

Cyanide poisoning tx

A

Hydroxycobalamin
Na thiosulphate
Amyl nitrate// na nitrate

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2
Q

Cyanide posioning presentation

A

Cvs collapse
Tachy tachpnea headache nausea vomit
Almond odor

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3
Q

Co poisoning tx

A

Hyperbaric o2

100% o2

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4
Q

Co poisoning presentation

A

Headache dizziness
Convulsions
Resp arrest

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5
Q

Co poisoning cerebral effect

A

Globus pallidus lesions on MRI

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6
Q

Methemoglobin tx

A

Methylene blue and vitamin C

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7
Q

Perfusion limited causes

A

Normal
Co2
N2o

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8
Q

Diffusion limited

A 
Emphysema
Fibrosis
Exercise 
ARDS
RDS
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9
Q

Normal A-a gradient hypoxemia

A

High altitude

Hypo ventilation

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10
Q

HNSCC HX

A

Sheets of Polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm invade mucosa and surrounding structures intracellular bridges and keratin pearl’s

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11
Q

Squamous papilloma

A

Fibrovascular core surrounding by sq epithelium

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12
Q

Emphysema types smoking

A

Centriacinar

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13
Q

Emphysema in panacinar

A

Alpha anti trypsin def

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14
Q

Asthma cells involved?

A

Eosinophilic mast cells and helper t cells cause
Bronchial wall thickening
Inc smooth muscle

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15
Q

CD IN ASTHMA

A

Cd4

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16
Q

COPD cd type?

A

CD8

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17
Q

Chronic bronchitis hx

A

Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of mucous secreting glands

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18
Q

Emphysema hx

A

Leucocyte infiltraion
Cd8+ t cells
Inc protease activity
Oxidative stress

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19
Q

Asthma hx

A

Hyper responsive bronchi
Reversible bronchi constriction
Smooth muscle hypertrophy
Crushmann spirals(shed epithelium from whorled mucous plugs)
Charcot laden crystals 🦯 (eosinophilic, hexagonal
DLCO normal or increased

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20
Q

Bronchoectasis

A

Chronic necrotising inf and inflammation of bronchi and obstruction
Permanently dilated airways
Bronchial artery hypertropy and easily rupture cause hemoptysis

21
Q

Sarcodiosis hx

A

Non caseating granuloma (epithelioid containing microscopic schamann and asteriods bodies)
Inc CD4/CD8 ratio
Inc ACE AND CAlcium
Mild LFTS deranged
Abn ALP» amino transferases
To differentiate from other ILD CD RATIO CD4/CD8+ > 2:1

22
Q

Sarcoidosis radio

A

B/l hilar lymphadenopathy Reticular opacities, infiltrates nodules

23
Q

Sarcoidosis skin

Mnemonic UGLIER

A

Lupus pernio

Erythema nodusum

24
Q

Asbestosis hx

A

Ivory white calcified supra diaphragmatic and pleural plaque( diffuse pleural thickening)
Inc risk bronchogenic cancer

Furruginous bodies golden brown (iron containing) fusiform rods dumbbells like in sputum by perssian blue stain in BAL

25
Q

Berylliosis hx

A 
Granulomatous non caseating 
Inc cancer risk
And cor pulmonale
Enlarge nodules with pleural plaques 
Nodular infiltrates
26
Q

Coal worker pneumoconiosis hx

A

Macrophages laden with carbon

Small rounded nodular opacities

27
Q

Silicosis hx

A

Egg shell calcification of hilar lymph nodes in xray
Nodular opacities round coalesce to form mass in upper lobe
Patchy pink interstitial fibrosis
Excess collagen cause fibrosis

28
Q

Mesothelioma hx

A

Cuboidal/spindle cells stain for cytokeratin flattened epithelium

Polygonal tumor cells e long slender microvilli and abundant tono filaments

29
Q

Lobar pneumonia

A

Intra alveolar exudate can involve whole lobe

30
Q

Broncho pneumonia

A

Acute inflammatory infiltrate from bronchioles into adjacent alveoli
Patchy >1 lobe

31
Q

Interstitial (atypical) pneumonia

A

Diffuse patchy inflammation localised to interstitial areas at alveolar walls with minimum or no alveolar infiltrates.
Walking pneumonia indolent course

32
Q

Cryptogenic organising pneumonia

A

Fibroblast plugs in alveolar sacs and ducts often extend into adjacent alveoli in butterfly pattern

33
Q

Small cell lung CA

A 
Small cell with scant cytoplasm granular nuclear chromatin (salt and pepper pattern) indistinct nucleoli 
Neuroendocrine 
Kulchitsky cells 
Chromogranin A +
Neuron specific enolase +
Synaptophysin positive 
Neuronal cell adhesion molecules + CD 56
Amplification of myc
34
Q

AdenoCA lung CA types

A

Glandular
Brochoalveolar
Tall glands mucin positive
Papillary

35
Q

Sq cell ca lung hx

A

Sheets of. Malignant cells
Keratin pearls
Intracellular bridges
Polygonal cells e eosinophilic cytoplasm

36
Q

Sq cell ca paraneoplastic type

A

Inc PTHrP

37
Q

AdenoCA ass e

A

hypertrophic osteoarthropathy

38
Q

Small cell ca ass e

A 
ACTH
SIADH
MYELITIS
ENCEPHALITIS 
SUBACUTE CEREBRAL DEGENERATION 
LAMBERT EATEN SYNDROME
39
Q

Lung abcess radio

A

Air fluid level cavitation

40
Q

Lung abcess bacteria

A 
Bacteriods
Fusobacterium
Peptostreptococcus
S aureus
Prevotella
All are anaerobes 
Shows by foul smelling
41
Q

Lung abcess necrosis type

A

Liquefactive necrosis d/t cytokines release by neutrophils in attempt to kill bacteria

42
Q

Guaifenesin

A

Thin respiratory secretion

Expectorant

43
Q

Dextromethorphane

A

NMDA glutamate receptors antagonist

44
Q

Loffler syndrome hx

A

Larger cells e bilobed nucleus eosinophilic cytoplasm

45
Q

Pulmonary edema color froth?

A

Pink material due to intra alveolar transudate

46
Q

Goodpasteur lung hx

A

Focal necrosis of alveolar walls e hemorrhage

47
Q

BAL IN CARDIOGENIC PULM EDEMA

A

hemosiderin laden macrophages by intra alveolar RBC into alveoli

48
Q

Hypersensitivity pneumonia hx

A 
Restrictive dx
Non caseating granuloma 
Lymphocytic infiltrate 
Interstitial fibrosis
10% lymphocytes in alveolar fluid
85% macrophages 
Small %age of neutrophils eosinophils 
But in BAL high lymphocytes count 50%
49
Q

Hypersensitivity pneumonia xray

A

Diffuse reticular interstitial opacities

My Own Flash Cards (15 decks)

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