Endocrinology

Question 1

Ghrelin

Answer 1

Grow/inc appetite
Lateral nuclei of hypothalamus

Question 2

Leptin

Answer 2

Low appetite
Ventromedial area of hypothalamus
Satiety center

Question 3

Cortisol on adrenergic receptor

Answer 3

Alpha 1 receptors inc
Better response to norepi

Question 4

Thyroid effect on beta receptor

Answer 4

Inc in heart so
Inc hr, CO, SV CONTRACTILITY
SO GIVE BETA BLOCKER HELP

Question 5

Neuroblastoma lab

Answer 5

Inc HVA and VMA

Question 6

Dancing eyes and dancing feets
Myoclonus opsoclonus syndrome

Answer 6

neuroblastoma

Question 7

Mutation in neuroblastoma

Answer 7

C myc shows poor prognosis
Bombesin and NSE+

Question 8

Neuroblastoma hx

Answer 8

Homer wright rossets

Question 9

Insulinoma

Answer 9

Inc peptide C and insulin

Question 10

Glucagonoma syms

Answer 10

5D
Dermatitis
Diabetes
Dvt
Declining weight
Depression

Question 11

Somatostatinoma sym

Answer 11

Diabetes/glucose intolerance
Gall stones cholilthiasis
Steatorrhea
Achlorhydria

Question 12

Somatostatinoma effect

Answer 12

Dec CCK
More insulin dec -hyperglycaemia
Less glucogan inhibition as compared to insulin
Gastrin
GIP

Question 13

Zollinger ellison syn

Answer 13

Secretin doesnot decrease gastrin

Question 14

Zollinger ellison syndrome site

Answer 14

Pancreas and duodenum cause ulcers ALWAYS BEYOND Duodenal bulb
And jejunum

Question 15

Adrenal tumor/ cushing syndrome hx

Answer 15

Malignant
Irregular poorly defined e cellular pleomorphism

Question 16

Hurtle cells (oxynophilic cells e granular cytoplasm
Lymphocytes aggregates with germinal centers and inflammation
Enlarge eosinophilic follicular cells

Answer 16

Hashimoto thyroiditis hx

Question 17

Lymphocytic infiltrates w germinal centers
Painless and normal size

Answer 17

Post poartum thyroiditis hx

Question 18

Subacute Granulomatous thyroiditis hx

Answer 18

Granulomatous inflammation -disruption of follicles
Neutrophil infiltrate with micro abcess macrophages e mixed cellular infiltrate e multinucleated giant cells

Question 19

Reidel thyroidits hx

Answer 19

Fibrous tissue replaced e inflammatory infiltrate
IgG4 related systemic disease

Question 20

Graves dx

Answer 20

Tall crowded follicular epithelial cells scalloped colloid

Question 21

Jod basedow phenomena

Answer 21

By Radioactive iodine induced hyperthyroidism
And by amiodarone

Question 22

Follicular adenoma

Answer 22

Follicular
Absence of capsule and vascular invasion

Question 23

Papillary carcinoma hx

Answer 23

Fibrovascular core
Branching papilla e cuboidal cells e finely dispersed chromatin e ground glass appearance
Orphan annie eye
Psammoma bodies
Nuclear grooves

Question 24

Papillary ca thyroid

Answer 24

Ret /pTC
BRAF MUTATION

Question 25

Follicular ca

Answer 25

PAX 8 PPAR Y RAS MUTATION

Question 26

Medullary ca hx

Answer 26

Sheets of cells in an amyloid stroma e congo red RET mutation

Question 27

Medullary ca dx by?

Answer 27

Pentagastrin inc calcitonin diagnostic

Question 28

Anaplastic ca thyroid

Answer 28

Pleomorphic cells e irregular giant cells and biphasic spindle cells

Question 29

Otitis fibrosa cystica

Answer 29

Brown tumour consist of osteoclast and deposit himosiderin from haemorrhages 

Question 30

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 30

Hypercalcaemia hypercalciuria renal stones polyuria hyperphosphataemia increase PTH increase ALP increase Urinary cAMP

Question 31

Empty sella syndrome ass e

Answer 31

Obese woman with idiopathic intracranial hypertension

Question 32

Acromegaly associated with cancer

Answer 32

Increase risk of colorectal cancer and polyps

Question 33

Acromegaly test

Answer 33

Increase IGF failure to suppress Serum GH by oral glucose tolerance test

Question 34

Acromegaly treatment

Answer 34

Pegvisomant (gh receptor antagonists Octreotide Somatostatin analog 

Question 35

Laron syndrome

Answer 35

Defective GH receptors shortest stature dwarfism small head circumference Saddle nose small genitalia Prominent forehead

Question 36

SIADH TX DRUgs

Answer 36

V2 receptors antagonist Conivaptan Tolvaptan Demeclocycline

Question 37

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus Treatment 

Answer 37

Indomethacin Amilotise salt restriction hydrochlorthiazide

Question 38

Type one diabetes mellitus cause

Answer 38

Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies

Question 39

Type one diabetes mellitus HLA type

Answer 39

HLA DR3 and HLA DR4

Question 40

Type1 diabetes mellitus histology

Answer 40

Islets leucocytic infiltrates

Question 41

Diabetes mellitus type two histology

Answer 41

Islets amyloid polypeptide deposits IAPP

Question 42

Men 1 mutation

Answer 42

Menin Tumor suppressor gene on chromosome11

Question 43

Men type2a

Answer 43

RET mutation Code for TYrosine kinase