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My Own Flash Cards > Endocrinology > Flashcards

Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

Ghrelin

A

Grow/inc appetite
Lateral nuclei of hypothalamus

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2
Q

Leptin

A

Low appetite
Ventromedial area of hypothalamus
Satiety center

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3
Q

Cortisol on adrenergic receptor

A

Alpha 1 receptors inc
Better response to norepi

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4
Q

Thyroid effect on beta receptor

A

Inc in heart so
Inc hr, CO, SV CONTRACTILITY
SO GIVE BETA BLOCKER HELP

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5
Q

Neuroblastoma lab

A

Inc HVA and VMA

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6
Q

Dancing eyes and dancing feets
Myoclonus opsoclonus syndrome

A

neuroblastoma

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7
Q

Mutation in neuroblastoma

A

C myc shows poor prognosis
Bombesin and NSE+

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8
Q

Neuroblastoma hx

A

Homer wright rossets

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9
Q

Insulinoma

A

Inc peptide C and insulin

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10
Q

Glucagonoma syms

A

5D
Dermatitis
Diabetes
Dvt
Declining weight
Depression

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11
Q

Somatostatinoma sym

A

Diabetes/glucose intolerance
Gall stones cholilthiasis
Steatorrhea
Achlorhydria

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12
Q

Somatostatinoma effect

A

Dec CCK
More insulin dec -hyperglycaemia
Less glucogan inhibition as compared to insulin
Gastrin
GIP

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13
Q

Zollinger ellison syn

A

Secretin doesnot decrease gastrin

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14
Q

Zollinger ellison syndrome site

A

Pancreas and duodenum cause ulcers ALWAYS BEYOND Duodenal bulb
And jejunum

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15
Q

Adrenal tumor/ cushing syndrome hx

A

Malignant
Irregular poorly defined e cellular pleomorphism

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16
Q

Hurtle cells (oxynophilic cells e granular cytoplasm
Lymphocytes aggregates with germinal centers and inflammation
Enlarge eosinophilic follicular cells

A

Hashimoto thyroiditis hx

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17
Q

Lymphocytic infiltrates w germinal centers
Painless and normal size

A

Post poartum thyroiditis hx

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18
Q

Subacute Granulomatous thyroiditis hx

A

Granulomatous inflammation -disruption of follicles
Neutrophil infiltrate with micro abcess macrophages e mixed cellular infiltrate e multinucleated giant cells

19
Q

Reidel thyroidits hx

A

Fibrous tissue replaced e inflammatory infiltrate
IgG4 related systemic disease

20
Q

Graves dx

A

Tall crowded follicular epithelial cells scalloped colloid

21
Q

Jod basedow phenomena

A

By Radioactive iodine induced hyperthyroidism
And by amiodarone

22
Q

Follicular adenoma

A

Follicular
Absence of capsule and vascular invasion

23
Q

Papillary carcinoma hx

A

Fibrovascular core
Branching papilla e cuboidal cells e finely dispersed chromatin e ground glass appearance
Orphan annie eye
Psammoma bodies
Nuclear grooves

24
Q

Papillary ca thyroid

A

Ret /pTC
BRAF MUTATION

25
Q

Follicular ca

A

PAX 8
PPAR Y
RAS MUTATION

26
Q

Medullary ca hx

A

Sheets of cells in an amyloid stroma e congo red
RET mutation

27
Q

Medullary ca dx by?

A

Pentagastrin inc calcitonin diagnostic

28
Q

Anaplastic ca thyroid

A

Pleomorphic cells e irregular giant cells and biphasic spindle cells

29
Q

Otitis fibrosa cystica

A

Brown tumour consist of osteoclast and deposit himosiderin from haemorrhages 

30
Q

Primary hyperparathyroidism

A

Hypercalcaemia hypercalciuria renal stones polyuria hyperphosphataemia
increase PTH increase ALP increase Urinary cAMP

31
Q

Empty sella syndrome ass e

A

Obese woman with idiopathic intracranial hypertension

32
Q

Acromegaly associated with cancer

A

Increase risk of colorectal cancer and polyps

33
Q

Acromegaly test

A

Increase IGF
failure to suppress Serum GH by oral glucose tolerance test

34
Q

Acromegaly treatment

A

Pegvisomant (gh receptor antagonists
Octreotide Somatostatin analog 

35
Q

Laron syndrome

A

Defective GH receptors shortest stature
dwarfism small head circumference
Saddle nose
small genitalia
Prominent forehead

36
Q

SIADH TX DRUgs

A

V2 receptors antagonist
Conivaptan
Tolvaptan
Demeclocycline

37
Q

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus Treatment 

A

Indomethacin
Amilotise
salt restriction
hydrochlorthiazide

38
Q

Type one diabetes mellitus cause

A

Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies

39
Q

Type one diabetes mellitus HLA type

A

HLA DR3 and HLA DR4

40
Q

Type1 diabetes mellitus histology

A

Islets leucocytic infiltrates

41
Q

Diabetes mellitus type two histology

A

Islets amyloid polypeptide deposits IAPP

42
Q

Men 1 mutation

A

Menin
Tumor suppressor gene on chromosome11

43
Q

Men type2a

A

RET mutation
Code for TYrosine kinase

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