Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

My Own Flash Cards > Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

Ilioinguinal nerve

A

Sensory,L1 carries sensation from skin of medial and upper part of thigh, root of penis and upper scrotum, mons pubis, labia majora in females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Inferior gluteal nerve

A

L5.S1.S2
Motor to gluteus maximus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Inferior hypogastric plexus

A

Both syn and parasym supplies internal pelvic viscera but not external perirectal area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pelvic splanchic nerves

A

S2.s3.s4 parasym to pelvic and genital organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Gastrin

A

G cell in antrum stomach , duodenem
Inc gastric acid secretion, gastric growth, gastric motility

Inc by stomach distention/alkalisation ,AA, vagal stimulation via GRP
Decrease by pH <1.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Stomatostatin

A

D cells (pancreatic islets, GI mucosa)
Decrease gastric acid
Dec pancreatic and small intestine secretion
Decrease gb contraction
Dec insulin and glucogan release

Inc by acid
Dec by vagal stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cholecystokinin

A

I cells (duodenem, jejunum
Inc pancreatic secretion
Inc gb contract
Dec gastric empty
Inc sphincter of oddi relaxation

Inc by fa and AA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Secretin

A

S cells , (duodenum)
Inc pancretic HCO3
Dec ga secretion
Inc bile secretion

Inc by acid FA in lumen of duodenem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Glucose dependent insulinotropic pepetide

A

K cells
Dec gastric H SEcretion
Inc insulin release

Inc by FA , AA and oral glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

VIP

A

inc by distention and vagal
Dec by adrenergic stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ghrelin

A

Inc appetite and wt gain

Inc by fasting upto food intake and
Dec by intake /food
Caloric restriction/falling fat stores
Inc ghrelin and dec leptin and insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Parietal cells
Eosinophilic cytoplasm

A

Intrinsic factor and gastric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Gastric acid inc

A

By histamine, vagal, gastrin
Dec by somatostatin GIP PROSTAGLANDINS SECRETIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pepsin

A

Chief cells
Small basophilic granular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bicarbonate

A

Mucosal cells of stomach duodenem salivary and pancreas
Brunner gland of duodenem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Eosinophil esophagitis hx

A

Eosinophils rings and linear furrows on endoscopy scattered whitish small papules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Esophageal perforation

A

Crunching sounds(hamman sign)
Fever sepsis odynophagia
Ct with water soluble contrast
Esophagography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Boerhaave syndrome

A

Transmural rupture distal rupture d/t biolent retching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Esophagitis hx

A

Esinophilic intranuclear inclusions (cowdry tyoe A) in multinuclear sq cells at ulcer margin

Candida-pseudomembrane white, grey white erythematous mucosa tx fluconazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hsv1 ulcer

A

Punched out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cmv ulcer

A

Linear . Intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Esophagitis pills

A

Bisphosphanate tetracycline NSAIDS iron KCL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Mallory weis

A

Linear ulcers to mucosa and submucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Plummer vinson

A

Dysphagia
Fe def
Esophageal webs
Inc risk of sq cell ca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Scelroderma esophgeal dysmotility

A

Decrease LES
Manometry dec paratylsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Refex eophagitis

A

Elongation of papillae .basal cell hypertrophy .intraepithelial eosinophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Barret esophagus

A

Non keratinised Stratified sq epi
Replaced by
Nonciliated columnar with goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Barret inc type of CA

A

AdenoCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Ovoid polyhedral Sheets of eosinophilic cells ,keratin pearls intracellular bridges

A

Squamous cell cancer eophagous

African middle age >50yrs

Upper 2/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

AdenoCA Esophagous hx

A

1/3 ulcerated exophytic
Massive patches of dysplastic mucin producing cells form glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Sq cell ca esophagous hx

A

Sq cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm large bizarre nuclei atypical mitosis malignant cell invading invading submucosa and surrounding structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Burn ulcers

A

Curling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Brain injury

A

Cushing ulcer due to inc ICP cause inc ACH inc hydrogen production by vagal stimulation

34
Q

Menetier dx moa

A

TFG alpha secreted by epithelial cells macrophages stimulates epithelial growth
Cause mucosal hyperplasia and gastric fold enlargement

35
Q

Blumer shelf

A

Mass on Rectal digital shows spread of CA to Douglas pounch

36
Q

Krukenberg tumor

A

B/l ovarian mets in stomach ca
Abundant mucin secreting signet ring cells

37
Q

Gastric ca bld type

A

A

38
Q

Intestinal gastric ca hx and ass with

A

Lesser curvature
Glandular with intestinal columnar or cuboidal ulcer with raised margins

Hpylori,snoked food salted.tabacco smoking chronic gastritis obesity

39
Q

Diffuse gastric ca hx

A

Signet cell
Mucin with peripheral nuclei without glandular strictures
Grossly thicked and leathery

40
Q

GIST moa

A

PDGF receptor mutation
Infiltration of intestinal lamina properia with atypical lymphocytes chronic h.pylori

Spindle eosinophilic cells arranged in fascicles over express CD117 common. In stomach and intestines

41
Q

Duodenal ulcers hx

A

Hypertrophic brunner gland
90% h pylori

Pain Decrease with meal

42
Q

Peptic ulcer h/x

A

Biopy to rule out malignancy

Inc risk of AdenoCA

43
Q

Duodenal ulcer tx

A

Ppi abx(tetracycline,metronidazole)
Bismuth’s salicylate (quadrupled therapy

44
Q

Drug induced liver injury hx

A

Centrilobular necrosis and inflammation of portal tract and parenchyma
Hypersensitivity to drugs , immune mediated against hepatocoagulant factors

Tender liver d/t inflammation
Inc amino transferases inc PT d/t factor 7 def(short half life

45
Q

Celiac disease hx

A

Villous atrophy
Crypt hyperplasia
Intraepithelial lymphocytosis and in lamina propria
Chronic lymphocytes in small bowel mucosa cause entropathy associated t cell lyphoma
in distal duodenum and proximal jejunum

46
Q

Celiac dx HLA

A

HOA DQ2 and HLA DQ8

47
Q

Celiac dx inc CA

A

Small bowel adenoCA
Poor prognosis

48
Q

Celiac skin effect

A

Dermatitises hypetiformis

49
Q

Lactose intolerance hx

A

Normal villous architecture (except atrophy at tips due to sec by viral enteritis(giardiasis, celiac dx) in this sec damage cells slough off and new cell forms
Biopsy not indicated
Lactose hydrogen breath test

50
Q

Tropical sprue

A

Dec mucosal absorption effecting duodenum and jejunum
Megaloblastic anaemia due toFolate and later B12 def
Respond to abx

51
Q

Whipple dx sym

A

Cardiac symptoms (endocarditis
Neurological (myoclonus
Arthralgia

Foamy macrophages ,pas+ magenta in cell wall

52
Q

Crohn dx hx

A

Transmural inf
Linear ulcers
Fissures fistulas
Cobble stone
Paneth cell metaplasia
String sign
Non caseating granuloma
TH1 cells

53
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

Mucosa and submucosa
Lead pipe loss of haustra
Crypt abcesss
Ulcers
Pseudo polyps
TH2 cells

54
Q

Ulcerative colitis complicated

A

Mega colon perforation

55
Q

Current jelly stopl

A

Intussuption
Acute mesentric ischemia

56
Q

Angiodysplasia

A

Intermittent obstruction of submucosal veins at muscularis properia
Biopsy
Dilated vessels with thin wall endothelium

57
Q

Colonic ischemic radiology

A

Thumb print due to mucosal edema hemorrhage necrosis due to arterial occlusion by thrombo/embo of venous
Dec CO

58
Q

Pneumonitis intestinal

A

Necrotising enterocolitis

Radio
Thin curvileaner areas of translucency parallel to lumen

59
Q

Hamartomatous polyps ass e

A

Peutz jeghers syndrome and juvenile polyps

60
Q

Ascending COlorectal CA

A

Fe def
Exophytic mass

61
Q

Descending

A

Infiltrating mass
Colicky pain
Hematochazia
Partial obstruction

62
Q

Anal sq cell cancer

A

Large eosinophilic hyperchromatic sq cell e scant cytoplasm and nuclear atypica
Prominnat keratinization
Keratin pearls

63
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Diffuse fibrous bridging (via stellate cells) and regenerative nodules

64
Q

Reye syndrome hx

A

Reversible inhibition of mitochondrial b oxidation
Mitochondrial abn
Panlobular microvascular steatosis(small fat vacuoles in cytoplasm of hepatocytes
Hyperammonia d/t reduced urea cycle
Hepatomegaly, hypoglycaemia
Seizures
Lethargy
Bilirubin normal to slightly inc
Rest aminotransfereses markedly inc

65
Q

Cholistatsis

A

Intra and extra hepatic biliary obstruction
Deposition of bile pigment in hepatic parenchyma
Green brown plugs in dilated bile canaliculi

66
Q

Hepatic steatosis

A

Macro vascular fatty changes
Tag in hepatocellular cytoplasm , dec FA oxidation sec to excess NADH production by alcohol metabolic enzyme

67
Q

Swollen necrotic hepatocytes with neutrophilic inf
Mallory bodies (intracytoplamsic eosinophilic inclusions of damaged keratin filaments

A

alcohol hepatitis

68
Q

Alvoholic cirrhosis

A

Sclerosis around central vein
Regenerative nodules
Portal HTN
END STAGE LIVES DX

69
Q

Autoimmune hepatitis

A

Portal and peri portal lymphocytic infiltration

70
Q

HCC hx

A

Hepatic fibrosis e cluster of malignant cells pleomorphic are prominent nuclei
High nuclear/cytoplasm ratio

71
Q

Hepatic adenoma

A

Irregular tan shaped nodules
Large plates of adenoma cells e absent heatic architecture (no bile duct, no portal structure)
Can be malignant

72
Q

Budd chiari syndrome

A

Thrombosis of intra and suprahepatic IVC
Centrilobular congestion and necrosis
Dilatation of sinusoids,perivenular hemorrhage
Inc sinusidal pressure
With tense capsules
Red purple parenchyma

73
Q

Alpha 1 antitrypsin

A

Misfolded gene product protein aggregates in hepatocellular ER

74
Q

Cholangiocarcinoma

A

Arise from intra and extrahepatic bile ducts .
Intrahepatic tree like

75
Q

Biliary atresia

A

Intrahepatic bile duct proliferation
Portal tract edema
Fibrosis

76
Q

Primary sclerosing cholangitis hx

A

Periductal onion ring fibrosis
Alternatively strictures and dilation with beading of intra and extra hepatic

77
Q

Primary biliary cholangitis

A

Periductal Granulomatous inf and bile duct proliferation
Immune mediated destruction of intralobular duct(small and medium size intra hepatic duct with necrosis and micronodular regeneration of periportal tissue

78
Q

Secondary biliary cholangitis

A

Extra hepatic duct obstruction lead to inc pressure in Intrahepatic ducts lead to injury/fibrosis and bile stasis

79
Q

Pneumobilia

A

Gallstone ileus

80
Q

Porcelian GB ca

A

Inc adenoCA

81
Q

Reynold pentad

A

Charcot triad with alteral mental status and shock(hypotension 30

My Own Flash Cards (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions