8 Flashcards
Dystrophic intramural calcium deposits in setting of chronic inflammation
Porcelain gallbladder - increase risk of gallbladder adénocarcinoma
Intrahepatic bile duct proliferation ,portal tract edema, fibrosis.
Biliary atresia
Cluster of enlarged tortuous veins in gastric fundus
Gastric varices - splenic vein thrombosis
- b/w short gastric veins and splenic vein
Bacterial count 10^5 organisms in jejunum in GASTRIC BYPASS patient consistent with bacterial overgrowth-presented with diarrhea, bloating
Which substance likely to increase cobalamine,zinc,folate,iron, vita D
Folate and vitamin K
Abdominal pain, LLQ, mass palpable due to inflammation and abscess,nausea,vomiting, diarrhea /constipation.
Acute diverticulitis
Flask shaped ulcers with bloody diarrhea, fulminant colitis with bowel necrosis
Entamoeba histolytica
Transmural inflammation, stricture(d/t bowel wall edema fibrosis, thickening of muscularis mucosa) fistulas (penetration of ulcers through wall
Chrons Disease
Solid nests of neoplastic squamous cell with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and distinct borders, keratin pearls with intracellular bridges
Squamous cell CA oesophagus
Élongation of papilla , basal cell hypertrophy, intraepithelial eosinophils
Reflux esophagitis
Enterocytes contain clear or foamy cytoplasm more prominent at tips of the villi. Acanthocytes, neurological impairment, vit E def
<1 year of life
Abetalipoproteinaemia
Fibrin, inflammatory cells and cellular debris in colonic biopsy
C.Difficle
Shell fish
Hepatitis A, norwalk,vibrios
Traveller diarrhea
Enterotoxigenic Ecoli, shifella,salmonelle, campylobactor
Parasites-giardiasis
Clumped, amphorous, eosinophilic intra cytoplasmic inclusions of tangled intermediate filaments called mallory bodies with swollen necrotic hepatocyte due to fat vesicles in cytoplasm.
Alcoholic hepatitis
Intestinal angina, post pariandial pain, fear to eat, weight loss.
In pts with CAD,Stroke,HTN(co morbidities)
Chronic mesenteric ischemia
Pathogenesis is similar to angina pectoris
Panlobular lymphocytic inflammation bridge into adjacent hepatic lobules due to collapse of reticulin framework. Hepatocyte ballooning with pale cytoplasm undergo cytotoxic T cell mediated apoptosis. Apoptotic cells appear round acidophilic (pink on hematoxylin and eosin staining) bodies known as councilman bodies
Acute viral hepatitis
Lobulated with central grey matter, depressed stellate scar containing an abnormal large artery from which fibrous septa radiate to periphery.
Focal nodular hyperplasia
Irregular tan shaped nodules composed of large plates of adenoma cells which lacks hepatic architecture (no portal structures or bile ducts)
Hepatic adenoma
fluid filled spaces lined by single epithelium, filled with red blood cells-malignant
Cavernous hemangioma
Most specific test for Acute cholecystitis
HIDA Scan cholescintigraphy radionuclides biliary scan
Portal hypertension cause venous congestion cause apparent expansion of red pulp composed of blood filled sinuses and cords lined by reticuloendothelial type cells- in CLD/ALD
Reason of Spleenomegaly
Pentagastrin
Diagnostic agent that increase calcitonin in medullary thyroid CA and serotinin In carcinoid tumors
Increase triglycerides accumulation in hepatocellular cytoplasm, Decrease fatty acid oxidation and impaired lipoprotein assembly and increase peripheral fat catabolism
Alcohol steatosis
Double bubble sign, olive mass in epigastric area, non bilious projectile vomiting 2-6 weeks old, visible peristalsis
Gastric pyloric hypertrophy stenosis - of muscularis mucosa
