Pulmonary Drug Delivery III

Question 1

Non-pressurised MDI

Answer 1

shares features of a nebulizer and pMDI

Question 2

Non-pressurised MDI = Aerosol cloud released for ___ s after being mechanically actuated, i.e. no propellant

Answer 2

1.5

Question 3

How does the Non-pressuried MDI work?

Answer 3

Drug solution forced through narrow channels&raquo_space;> creates mist

Particles generated are smaller and have a lower velocity

Question 4

Pulmonary delivery for a systemic effect
- absorbance?

Answer 4

Massive absorptive surface area (140 m2), highly permeable membrane, low mucociliary clearance (high residence time), low enzymatic environment (cf. stomach)

Question 5

Pfizer’s Exubera dry powder insulin formulation was launched in the UK in 2006 (but withdrawn in 2007)

Answer 5

• insulin formulation stable at room temperature
• Insulin deagglomerates in the chamber prior to inhalation
• Compressed air generatedby movement of thehandle on the device

Question 6

Sanofi launched MannKind’s Afrezza inhaled insulin device in 2015 (“withdrawn” in 2016)

Answer 6

• dry powder formulation: insultin + Technosphere aggregates (2 – 5 m) which rapidly dissolve in the lung

Question 7

AER-501

Answer 7

is a liquid formulation of human insulin and is inhaled using a small, smart inhalation device

Similar principle to that of a mesh nebuliser, i.e. vibrating mesh technology

Question 8

Electronic cigarettes
designs

Answer 8

disposable and refillable

Question 9

Formulation of electronic cigarettes

Answer 9

Formulation: cartridge typically contains nicotine, propylene glycol, glycerine (glycerol), flavourings

Question 10

how are medical gases administered?

Answer 10

delivered in cylinders or generated in situ, e.g. using an oxygen concentrator

Hospital uses and domiciliary care

Question 11

step by step: administering medical gas;

Answer 11

Oxygen gas is under pressure in a cylinder and the flow is controlled with a regulated tap (central pipelinesoften used)

Continuous positive airway pressure ventilation (CPAP) – O2 enriched airdelivered via mask/ hood/ nasal cannula

Question 12

Ventilator

Answer 12

machine that helps with breathing; air or O2 enriched air deliveredvia a breathing tube

Question 13

Scintigraphy

Answer 13

radiation emitting substances are administered to a patient and the subsequent emissions are capture by a gamma camera and an image produced

Question 14

Formulation of scintigraphy:

Answer 14

drug-carrier aggregates are radiolabelled (Tc99m) and loaded into the device. Participants would inhale from the device and deposition of drug would be imaged

Question 15

scintigraphy; diagnostic

Answer 15

patient inhales nebulized radionuclide-containing solution and/or has radiopharmaceutical injected iv