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PMP-201 > 201 exam > Flashcards

201 exam Flashcards

1
Q

Cell wall inhibitor

A

carbapenems
amoxicillin
aztreinam
cefalexin

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2
Q

is not a cell wall inhibitor

A

tazobactam

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3
Q

what is the chekc for CURB-65 criteria

A

resp rate of 29+, age 65+ and systolic BP less than 90mmHg
confusion + blood urwa nitorgen >19mg/dL

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4
Q

NOT in malaria lifecycle?

A

haematin builds up in the parasite

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5
Q

What steps are inb the malaria lifecycle?

A

Haemaglobin is converted into haematin
Haemoglobin transferred to plasmodium food vacuole
nontoxic hemazoin is the final productt

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6
Q

Red flag for ulcerative colitis?

A

bloody diarrhoea

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7
Q

class 1 antiarrhythmia drug

A

Na+ channel blocker
flecainide

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8
Q

Biological test:

A

rapid test
culture
biochemical test

(BET analysis - NOT )

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9
Q

Sulfoanamides and trimethoprim are what type of antibiotic?

A

antimetabolites

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10
Q

cells in stomach

A

parietal cells
chief cells
enteroendocrine cells

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11
Q

function of parietal cells

A

secretion of HCl and intrinsic factor

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12
Q

property of aldosterone

A

causes reabsorption of NaCl and H2O

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13
Q

what is the correct layering of GI TRACT FROIM INNER TO OUTER

A

MUCOSA
SUB,MUCOSA
MUSCULARIS EXTERNA
SEROSA

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14
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
extrinsic innovation is controlled by the enteric NS

A

TRUE

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15
Q

what neurotransmitters are used during rest and digest

A

acetyl choline and substance P (vasoactive)

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16
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
sympathetic systems increases secretion and motility

A

FALSE

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17
Q

promitility agents:

A

metoclopramide and domperidone
cisapride and porucalopride
Erythromycin

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18
Q

Oral anticoagulant

A

dabigatran
warfarin
rivaroxaban

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19
Q

What drugs inhibit glycoprotein IIb/IIIa which causes fibrinogen to not bind to platelets

A

abiximab and tirofiban

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20
Q

What condition is Dornase Alfa used for ? (mucolytic)

A

CF

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21
Q

Not a bronchodilator

A

corticosteroids

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22
Q

2nd line treatment for angina

A

dabigatran

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23
Q

reprofusion therapy

A

coronary angiography
fibrinolitics
coronary revascularisation

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24
Q

bulk laxative

A

isaphula husk
sterculia
bran

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25
Q

what allergy should you be aware of when giving faecal softener enemas

A

peanut allergy

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26
Q

virus life cycle step by step

A
  1. attachment
  2. penetration
  3. uncoating
  4. biosynthesis
  5. protein synthesis
  6. Release
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27
Q

name a virus targeting attachment inhibitor (HIV drug)

A

fostemsavir

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28
Q

used for blood infections?

A

blood spectrum, beta lactams, metronidazole and vancomycin

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29
Q

red flag for GORD

A

jaundice, persistent vomiting, patient over 55 with new onset symptoms

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30
Q

H2 antagonist

A

ranitidine
fa,optidine
cimetidine

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31
Q

true or flase
h pylori is the only usual reason peptic ulcers occur

A

false

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32
Q

1st line for h pylori

A

triple therapy containing 2 antibiotics and PPI - omeprazole

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33
Q

indications of theophylline overdose

A

restlessness
hypokjalaemia
severe vomiting

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34
Q

correct process of tablet manufacturing

A
  1. compression
  2. consolidation and decompression
  3. ejection
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35
Q

binders

A

gelatin
starch
povidone

36
Q

superdisintegrants

A

sodium starch glycolate
crospovidone
crosmcarmellose sodium

37
Q

what group is NOT commonly portected

A

iron groups

38
Q

the peptide NT-proBNP is used as an indication for HF levels are under 400ng/L

A

true!

39
Q

Correct method of treatment for HF

A

1.furosemide
2.ramipril
3.bisoprolol
4.spirinolactone

40
Q

statements about warfarin chemical structure

A

(R) warfarin is 10-fold more potent than the (S) enantiomer

the phenolic OH allows formation of water-soluble sodium salts

has a low water solubility due to coumarin core

It inhibits post-translational carboxylation of a Glu residue on the N-terminalof specific clotting factors adn anticoagulant proteins

A 7-hydroxy warfarin and a 6-hydroxy warfarin are two inactive metabolites produced by hepatic CYP2C9 starting only from the (S)-enantiomer

41
Q

What do sieves measure?

A

mesh number - 100 openings per inch (equivalent diameter= sphere size to pass)

42
Q

What does microscopy measure?

A

projected area diameter (dn = mertin’s diameter)

43
Q

What does Andreasen pipette measure?

A

calculate the diameter using
dst > d of sphere w same density+ settling viscosity

44
Q

What does cascade impactor measure?

A

aerodymic diameter

45
Q

What does photon correlation spectroscopy measure?

A

Brownian motion and relates this to size of particles

46
Q

electrical sensing methods

A

vd = volume diameter

47
Q

Laser diffraction measures

A

equivalent diameter

48
Q

calculating hausner ratio

A

indirect measure of bulk material to reduce volume under mechanical influence

49
Q

calculating the carr’s index

A

compressibility of a powder

50
Q

measuring the angel of repose of a powder sample

A

after mechanically topping ^ mass

51
Q

observing the bulk of a powder sample

A

volume of powder / weight expressed in ml/100g powder

52
Q

thiazide diuretic side effects

A

hypokalaemia

(adaches, rash, hives, swelling of the mouth and lips, wheezing or trouble breathing, asthma attack, and anaphylaxis)

53
Q

side effects of ACEi

A

dry cough
Dry cough.
hyperkalaemia
Extreme tiredness or dizziness from blood pressure going too low.
Headaches.
Loss of taste.
Rarely, short-term worsening of kidney function.

54
Q

statements about anti-anginal drugs

A

1) dihydropyridine derivative calcium-channel blockers may be effective with prinz metal angina

2) nicorandil actiovates the ATP-sensetive K channels to enhance K efflux and hyperpolarisation of vascular smooth muscle cells

3) ivabradine selectively blocks the hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated channels present within the SA nodes and lowers HR without affecting contractility of cardiac muscle

4) ranozaline is a class ID sodium channel inhibitor which blocks the late inward sodium current occurring during pohase 2 of venticular action potensials

55
Q

ventricular tachycardia

A

lower chamber of the heart beats too fast to pump well and the body doesn’t receive enough oxygenated blood

56
Q

ventricular fibrillation

A

the lower heart chambers contract in a very rapid and uncoordinated manner

57
Q

atrial flutter

A

an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) which causes the upper chambers of your heart (atria) to beat too quickly

58
Q

sinus bradycardia

A

HR lower than normal <60bpm

59
Q

paroxysmal supra-ventricular tachycardia

A

rapid heartbeats originating above the ventricles

60
Q

lung scrintigraphy

A

imaging technique
diagnosis of some lung conditions is possible
visulaise deposition in lungs
gamma cameras are required

61
Q

LTRA - leukotriene receptor antagonists

A

contain at least one hydrogen bond acceptor
Will be more than one hydrophobic region
Will be one or more acidic groups
The lipophilic tetraene tail of leukotriene D4 can be imitated by several, more stable , aromatic rings

62
Q

what type of drugs are;
salbutamol
salmeteroil
terbualine

A

beta-2 receptor agonist drugs

63
Q

ipratropium is a _____ drug

A

SAMA - short acting muscarinic receptor

64
Q

tiotropium is a

A

long acting muscarinic receptor LAMA

65
Q

CF is caused by a mutation of what gene?

A

CFTR gene

66
Q

function of CFTR gene encode

A

transport chloride ions to the EXTRAcellular space

67
Q

“aban”

A

anticoagulant
apixaban
edoxaban
warfarin - inhibit vit K epoxide reductase complex 1

68
Q

beta blocker - dec HR + BP and myocardial contractility

A

olol
bisoprolol/ propanolol
atenolol
metaporolol

69
Q

‘pril’

A

ACE inhibitors
ramipril
perindopril

70
Q

aminodarone is an example of

A

class III (K channel blocker > cause repolorisation)

71
Q

CCB example

A

diltiazem - relaxing blood vessels
amlodipine

72
Q

flecainide

A

class I (Na channel blcoker) > slow conduction through AV node

73
Q

treat AF for an asthmatic patient

A

diltiazem

74
Q

spironolactone

A

thiazide sdiuretic

75
Q

loop diuretic

A

furosemdie

76
Q

losartan

A

ARB - selective inhibition of angiotensin II by competitive antagonism of the angiotensin II receptors

77
Q

HF and has swollen ankles

A

furosemide - loop diuretic

78
Q

Hf but cannot tolerate ramipril

A

ARB instead - losartan 12.5mg tablets

79
Q

Xa inhibitor - prevent blood from clotting too much

A

fondaparinux (MI reliever)

prevent heart attack/ stroke

block enzyme for cholestrol, red cholestrol in blood

80
Q

antiplatelet

A

clopidogrel

81
Q

GTN spray - glyceryl trinitrate

A

prn / reliever

82
Q

Atorvastatin

A

HMC- CoA reductase inhibitor / statin

83
Q

stable angina - but pain when exersising

A

GTn spray

84
Q

83yr old STEMI. already has 300mg aspirin on way to hospital

A

low dose heparin for stemi
= fondaparinux

85
Q

Xanthines - COPD, moderate exacerbtion, stopped ipraropium (LABA) and sytart on new drug

A

LAMA not LABA
tiotropium (inhaled)

86
Q

27 yr old asthmatic. severe vomiting, agitiation, restlessness dilated pupils and tachycardia, hyperglycaemia and convulusions

relsted to which drug treatment

A

theophylline (oral)

87
Q
A

PMP-201 (34 decks)

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