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Pathophysiology > Pulmonary: Altered Cell > Flashcards

Pulmonary: Altered Cell Flashcards

1
Q

Often medical intervention is introducing a _______ strategy to cope with existing pathology

A

Compensation

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2
Q

How does the cardiovascular system COMPENSATE for CV disease (atherosclerosis, valve disorder, etc)

A

Increase heart rate
Increase HTN
Increase cardiac muscle (hypertrophy)
Thin cardiac wall

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3
Q

What are the 8 major functions of healthy cells?

A
  1. Movement
  2. Conductivity
  3. Metabolic Absorption
  4. Secretion
  5. Excretion
  6. Respiration
  7. Reproduction
  8. Communication
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4
Q

Examples of cells responsible for movement:

A

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle

ex: muscular dystrophy, myocardial infarct

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5
Q

Examples of cells responsible for conductivity:

A

Nerve cells

ex: Guillain Barre Syndrome, ALS, Myasthenia Gravis

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6
Q

Examples of cells responsible for metabolic absorption:

A

All cells that take in and use nutrients

Glycogen Storage Disease (GSD), Type 2 diabetes

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7
Q

Examples of cells responsible for secretion:

A

Mucous gland cells, salivary cells, endocrine cells, etc.

Ex: Type 1 Diabetes, hypothyroidism, CF

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8
Q

Examples of cells responsible for excretion:

A

All cells need to digest and metabolize waste products

Lysosomes: cellular digestive system, contain digestive enzymes

Ex: lysosomal storage disorders, gout

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9
Q

Examples of cells responsible for respiration:

A

Not cells, but ATP needs absorbs oxygen which is used to transform nutrients into ATP

Ex: mitochondrial disease

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10
Q

Examples of cells responsible for reproduction:

A

Any cell that enlarges and reproduces

Ex: neoplasm

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11
Q

3 types of cellular communication

A
  1. Autocrine signaling
  2. Paracrine signaling
  3. Endocrine signaling
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12
Q

Cell sending signal to itself:

A

autocrine signaling

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13
Q

Signal sent to local or nearby cell

A

Paracrine signaling

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14
Q

Signal transported through bloodstream

A

Endocrine signaling

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15
Q

What are 5 processes that impair cellular function?

A
  1. Cellular Adaptation
  2. Cellular Injury
  3. Neoplasm
  4. Aging
  5. Death
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16
Q

Is a cellular adaptation reversible?

A

It can be (but not always) if stimulus is removed

17
Q

What are some environment factors that cause cells to adapt?

A

Smoking, noise, drugs, asbestos

18
Q

What are the 5 different types of adaptive changes in a cell?

A
  1. Atrophy
  2. Hypertrophy
  3. Hyperplasia
  4. Metaplasia
  5. “Dysplasia”

Pathophysiology (12 decks)

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