Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathophysiology > Neuro-Random Ques. from Module 1-3 > Flashcards

Neuro-Random Ques. from Module 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the “scar” forming cells of the CNS?

A

Astroglia cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

These neuroglial cells have a secretory, absorptive and CSF circulatory role

A

Ependymoglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A lesion in area 4 would result in…

A

Contralateral hemiparesis/hemiplegia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A lesion in area 6 would result in…

A

Apraxia of involved regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A DESTRUCTIVE lesion in area 8 would result in…

A

eyes deviating TOWARD side of lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A IRRITATIVE lesion to area 8 would result in…

A

eyes deviating AWAY FROM lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What areas are considered Broca’s Areas

A

Area 44 and 45 in dominant hemisphere only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A lesion on the non-dominant areas 44 and 45 would result in…

A

Motor dysprosodia

Prosody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the functions of areas 10-12?

A
  1. Social behavior
  2. Motivation and ability to focus (attention)
  3. Emotion/personality
  4. Motor inhibition/planning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the functions of areas 9, 46, 47

A

Planning and behavioral component of motor function

Integrates sensory info w/ motor planning, organizing and regulating

Decide which voluntary movements to make according to higher-order instructions, rules, and self-generated thoughts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lesion in area 10-12…

A 
Apathy
Inappropriate social behavior/emotions
Perseveration
Poor focus
"Change in personality"
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lesion in areas 9, 46,47…

A

Contralateral motor apraxia
Impaired motor planning
Impaired behavioral inhibition
Impaired motor inhibition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A bilateral frontal lobe lesion could result in:

A

akinetic mutism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Analgesia v. Paresthesia

A

Analgesia: inability to detect pain

Paresthesia: distorted/abnormal detection of sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the classic clinical finding in a right hemisphere stroke?

A

Anosagnosia (neglect)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Gerstmann’s Syndrome

A

Calculation
Right-Left confusion (dyslexia)
Finger agnosia
Agraphia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lesions in these two areas can produce sensory dysprosodia

A
  1. Non-dominant area 39,40

2. Non-dominant area 22

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bilateral damage to area 41 results in…

A

deafness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia

A

can’t comprehend language but can speak

20
Q

The temporal lobe also plays a role in memory. Explain specifically it’s function in memory

A

Significant role in creating long-term memory/learning

Transition short term to long term memory

21
Q

Is the non-dominant hemisphere associated w/ episodic or semantic memory?

A

Episodic memory

22
Q

Is dominant hemisphere associated w/ episodic or semantic memory?

A

Semantic memory

23
Q

A lesion in areas 18,19 results in…

A

visual agnosia
prosopagnosia
color agnosia
alexia

24
Q

Primary and secondary destructions of a hemorrhagic stroke

A

Primary - destruction of neurons

Secondary - destruction from rise in intracranial pressure

25
Q

Common locations of hemorrhagic stroke:

A
  1. Thalamus
  2. Putamen
  3. Cerebellum
  4. Brainstem
26
Q

What areas of the brain do the ACA, MCA, and PCA supply?

A

ACA - Medial aspects of motor, sensory, and prefrontal regions (lower extremity)

MCA - Lateral aspects of parietal, temporal, and frontal areas (UE, Trunk, Head) as well as association areas, prefrontal area, and optic tract

PCA - Occipital lobe and inferior aspect of temporal lobe

27
Q

Potential pathophysiology behind concussions (4 main things)

A
  1. Absence of gross CNS damage
  2. Metabolic changes (glutamate, potassium, calcium)
  3. Cerebral blood flow mismatch
  4. Transient microscopic damage to individual neurons
28
Q

ALL sensory input must pass thorough except…

A

CN1

29
Q

5 parts of the internal capsule

A
  1. Anterior limb
  2. Posterior limb
  3. Genu
  4. Retrolenticular part
  5. Sublenticular part
30
Q

The posterior limb of the internal capsule functions to:

A

relay sensory and motor input/output

31
Q

Optic Radiation

A

projection from thalamus to visual cortex

Retrolenticular and sublenticular part

32
Q

Auditory Radiation

A

projection from thalamus to auditory cortex (area 41)

Sublenticular part

33
Q

Categories of Lacunar strokes

A
  1. Pure motor stroke (most common)
  2. Ataxic hemiparesis (second most common)
  3. Mixed motor and sensory involvement
  4. Pure sensory stroke
34
Q

A pure motor lacunar stroke will result in…

A

contralateral hemiparesis/hemiplegia without dysfunction of other high order functions (this is what makes it distinguishable)

35
Q

5 major nuclei of basal ganglia

A
  1. Putamen
  2. Caudate nucleus
  3. Nucleus accumbens
  4. Globus pallidus
  5. Other: Substantia nigra (midbrain) and subthalamus (diencephalon)
36
Q

Lentiform nuclei include:

A

putamen and globus pallidus

37
Q

Striatum includes:

A

putamen
caudate nucleus
nucleus accumbens

38
Q

Corpus Striatum

A

Putamen
Globus pallidus
Caudate nucleus

39
Q

Does the basal ganglia inhibit or stimulate the thalamus? Or both?

A

Always inhibits the thalamus

40
Q

Direct v. Indirect pathways of the basal ganglia

A

Direct - stimulates thalamic drive by decreasing inhibition

Indirect - decreases thalamic drive by increasing inhibition

41
Q

Clinical manifestations of Parkinson’s Disease

A

Bradykinesia
Difficult initiating movement
Increased muscle tone (rigidity and spasticity)
Resting tremor
Decrease voluntary movement (dec facial expression, monotone, small writing)
Dementia
Depression

42
Q

Explain the pathology of Parkinson’s Disease

A

Destruction of substantia nigra (midbrain) reduces dopamine production and therefore inhibits the direct pathway = decreased thalamic drive (hypokinetic)

*It also “allows” the indirect pathway to dominate

43
Q

Causes of Parkinson’s

A

Genetic

Pesticide exposure

44
Q

Huntington’s Disease manifestations. Hyper or hypokinetic?

A

HYPERKINETIC

Choreiform, dementia, behavioral changes

45
Q

Clinical diagnositc criteria for Tourette’s Syndrome

A
  1. Presence of both motor and vocal tics
  2. Multiple tics nearly qd X 1 year
  3. Causing distress/impairment in functioning
  4. < 18 yo
  5. Symptoms not d/t drugs/meds/other med conditions

Pathophysiology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions