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Pathophysiology > Neuro Terms > Flashcards

Neuro Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Paresis v. plegia

A

Paresis: partial motor loss

Plegia: complete motor loss

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2
Q

Apraxia v. Ataxia

A

Apraxia: inability to execute learned purposeful voluntary movement

Ataxia: uncoordinated learned voluntary movement

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3
Q

Gait Apraxia

A

Diminished ability to perform learned movement of walking/standing

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4
Q

Construction Apraxia

A

Inability to draw, construct, or copy geometric figures

Lesion is in non-dominant parietal and frontal lobes

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5
Q

Sensory Apraxia (ideational apraxia, conceptual apraxia)

A

Inability to forumulate the ideational plan for executing multiple steps of purposeful voluntary movement

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6
Q

Ideomotor Apraxia

A

Inability to perform task when asked

Ex: comb hair, use a tool

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7
Q

Broca Aphasia

A

Can comprehend language but cannot speak

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8
Q

Aphasia

A

Acquired impairment of the comprehension/production of language

Can be both senosry and motor

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9
Q

Dysarthria

A

Difficulty of motor control of tongue/mouth to produce speech

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10
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing

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11
Q

Motor Dysprosodia

A

Difficulty of speech in producing “musical aspects of speech”

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12
Q

Prosody

A

Fluctuations in tone, melody, timing, pauses, stresses, intensity, vocal quality and accents of speech

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13
Q

Akinetic Mutism

A

a bilateral frontal lobe lesion

A conscious and alert patient retains the ability to move/speak but fails to do so because they have an inc. in apathy/inhibition of motivation to interact

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14
Q

Perserveration

A

persist on a single topic

lesion in areas 10-12

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15
Q

Apathy

A

lack of interest, indifference

lesion in areas 10-12

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16
Q

Anesthesia (hypesthesia)

A

loss of sensation

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17
Q

Agnosia

A

“lack of knowledge”

Loss of sensory interpretation
Loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, or smells w/ sensation but memory is still intact

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18
Q

Anosagnosia (neglect)

A

Ignorance of the presence of disease
NON-DOMINANT parietal lobe damage

Classic clinical finding in right hemisphere stroke

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19
Q

Astereoagnosia (stereoanesthesia)

A 
tactile amnesia (tactile agnosia)
Inability to judge the form of an object by touch
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20
Q

Agraphesthesia (cutaneous kinesthesia)

A

Difficulty recognizing a familiar form (number/letter) traced on the area of skin

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21
Q

Sensory dysprosodia

A

Difficulty of speech in interpreting the normal pitch, rhythm, and variation of stess/tone in speech (“musical aspects of speech”)

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22
Q

Dyslexia

A

Right-left disorientation that causes impairment/difficulty w/ ability to read/comprehend

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23
Q

Agraphia

A

Inability to write

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24
Q

Acalculia

A

Arithmetic deficits

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25
Q

Finger Agnosia

A

Inability to distinguish between fingers

26
Q

Auditory Agnosia

A

Inability to interpret the significance of sound

Able to hear but can’t distinguish from “sound” or “language”

27
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia

A

Can’t comprehend but can speak

“word salad” - speaking a lot of words that don’t make sense

28
Q

Sensory dysprosodia

A

Difficulty of speech in interpreting the normal pitch, rhythm, etc. “musical aspects of speech”

29
Q

Amnesia

A

loss of memory

30
Q

Anterograde amnesia

A

Loss of ability toi memorize new things after “injury”

31
Q

Retrograde amnesia

A

Can’t recall events prior to injury

32
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

Psychological trauma, usually temprorary

33
Q

Repressed amnesia

A

unable to recall information (info is often traumatic)

34
Q

Visual agnosia

A

Inability to recognize an object by sight

35
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

Difficulty recognizing familiar faces

36
Q

Color agnosia

A

Inability to recognize colors

NOT COLOR BLINDNESS!

37
Q

Alexia

A

Inability to understand written/printed word (language)

38
Q

Chorea/Choreiform

A

Involuntary, constant, rapid, complex body movements that flow from one body part to another

“dance-like” movement

39
Q

Athetosis

A

Slow, writhing movements of the fingers and hands, and sometimes toes

40
Q

Ballismus (what is damaged?)

A

Violent, flailing movements

Damage to subthalmic nuclei of basal ganglia –> results n hemiballismus

41
Q

Dystonia

A

Broad term!

Persistent spasm/posture of a body part which can result in grotesque movements and distorted position of the body

42
Q

Resting Tremor

A

Occurs when a body part is at complete rest against gravity

Tremor amplitude decreases w/ voluntary activity

43
Q

Postural Tremor

A

Postural tremor occurs during maintenance of a position against gravity and increases w/ action

44
Q

Essential tremor (familial)

A

Most common form of tremor

Tremor occurs in a person who is moving or trying to move and no cause can be identified

45
Q

Intentional Tremor

A

Marked increase in tremor amplitude during a terminal portion of targeted movement

Cerebellar tremor/pathology

46
Q

Bradykinesia

A

Slowing of voluntary movement

47
Q

Difficult initiating movement

A

use center of gravity to compensate

48
Q

Lead-pipe rigidity

A

Resistance persists throughout the range of movement of a particular joint

49
Q

Cogwheel Rigidity

A

Periodic resistance at different points throughout the range of movement

50
Q

Rigidity v. Spasticity

A

Spasticity: SPEED DOMINANT…move slowly and you can move limb though ROM

Rigidity: NOT INFLUENCED BY SPEED…can’t move limb no matter what the speed though ROM

51
Q

Tic

A

rapid and repeated and stereotyped involuntary movements

52
Q

Hypotonia

A

poor muscle tone

53
Q

Disequilibrium

A

loss of balance

54
Q

Dysynergia

A

loss of coordinated activity

55
Q

Dysarthria:

A

slurring, slowing or “scanning” of speech (inappropriate/random volume emphasis)

56
Q

Dystaxia

A

lack of coordination in the execution of learned voluntary movement

57
Q

Dysmetria

A

“past pointing”, “overshooting”, inability to stop muscular movement at a desired point in space

58
Q

Dysdiadochokinesia

A

inability to perform rapid alternating or repetitive movements

59
Q

Nystagmus

A

rhythmic oscillation of the eyeballs

60
Q

Decomposition of movement

A

breaking down of smooth muscle activity into jerky, awkward fragments, poor timing

61
Q

Rebound

A

inability to adjust to changes in muscle tension

“arm pull test”

Pathophysiology (12 decks)

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